Chapter 9 Gender

Question 1

Ann Oakley’s distinguishing between sex and gender

Answer 1

Sex: Biological division into male and female
Gender: Roles and characteristics society assigns to women and men

Question 2

Gender Role

Answer 2

Set of attitudes and expectations concerning behaviour that relates to being male or female

Question 3

Sexuality

Answer 3

Expressed feelings of sexual desire and attraction and how these are extpressed

Question 4

Transgender vs Transsexual

Answer 4

Someone who’s identity and behaviour do not conform to gender role of biological sex vs someone with physical characteristics of one sex and a persistent desire to belong to the other.

Question 5

David Reimer’s Case

Answer 5

Botched circumcision case where he was reassigned female gender-showed that gender is neurological and biological.

Question 6

Storm’s Case

Answer 6

Toronto couple chose not to disclose biological sex of new born-raised gender neutral. Storm later identified themselves as “she.”

Question 7

Caster Semenyar (olympic athlete)

Answer 7

Body produced more testosterone than a normal woman’s. Revealed she had male sex organs. Rule placed in olympics for a max amount of testosterone a woman can have if she is to be allowed to compete as a woman.

Question 8

Caitlyn Jenner and Jenna Talackova

Answer 8

Glamorized experience of being trans, when in reality 43% of trans people in North America have committed suicide.

Question 9

Beatrice Kachuks 4 Feminist Theories

Answer 9

Liberal, essentialist, socialist, postmodernist.

Question 10

Liberal Feminism

Answer 10

Securing equal rights for women in all phases of public life. Criticises universality of white, middle class, heterosexual, cisgender Western women. Benefits are not as readily available to women in different social locations. Gender is an artificial construct-men and women possess same intellectual abilities.

Question 11

Essentialist Feminism

Answer 11

Women and men are essentially different in the way they think. Criticisms-Assumption that all women experience gender alike, generalizes from western model.

Question 12

Socialist Feminism

Answer 12

Insight gained looking at intersections of oppression between class and gender. Race and ethnicity may be overlooked when focusing solely on class.

Question 13

Postmodernist Feminism

Answer 13

No universally relevent explanation of what it is to be male or femae. Perspective guides research

Question 14

Queer Theory (Judith Butler)

Answer 14

Rejects the idea that male and female genders are natural binary opposites. Disputes idea that gender identity=biology. Gender is a continuum.

Question 15

Mismatch Rate

Answer 15

Calculates percentage of university graduates in jobs requiring a high school diploma or less.

Question 16

The four performances of masculinity

Answer 16

Hegemonic, subordinate, marginalized, and complicit.

Question 17

Hegemonic

Answer 17

Serve to normalize/naturalize mens dominance and women’s subordination.

Question 18

Subordinate

Answer 18

Behaviours and self-presentation by males that threaten hegemonic masculinity (gay and effeminate men)

Question 19

Marginalized

Answer 19

Adaptation of masculinities to issues such as race and class

Question 20

Complicit

Answer 20

Do not embody hegemonic, but benefit from hegemonic structure (Gender order).

Question 21

Heteronormativity and Heterosexism

Answer 21

Heterosexuality as a default position, and if you deviate from heterosexuality you will be punished.

Question 22

Legislative Assembly of Alberta

Answer 22

31% female, 69% male. Members of 42nd Parliament, 26% female, 74% male.

Question 23

How many women hold a uni degree compared with men?

Answer 23

1/3 compared with 1/4.

Question 24

Pink Ghetto (pink collar)

Answer 24

Feminization of occupations. Status of job declines with feminization, as does salary.

Question 25

How much do women make in comparison to men?

Answer 25

Women make 74% of what men make. With hourly wages, women make 84% of what men make. Women make more in public sectors than in private, which is vice versa for men.

Question 26

Labour Market Return

Answer 26

If you spend lots on education, you should get what you paid for.

Question 27

What are the trends with racialized minorities and indigenous people?

Answer 27

Canadian born racialized minorities make MORE than foreign born minorities. Canadian born whites make LESS than foreign born whites. Income of indigenous people is always the lowest.