Chapter 9 Gender Flashcards
Ann Oakley’s distinguishing between sex and gender
Sex: Biological division into male and female
Gender: Roles and characteristics society assigns to women and men
Gender Role
Set of attitudes and expectations concerning behaviour that relates to being male or female
Sexuality
Expressed feelings of sexual desire and attraction and how these are extpressed
Transgender vs Transsexual
Someone who’s identity and behaviour do not conform to gender role of biological sex vs someone with physical characteristics of one sex and a persistent desire to belong to the other.
David Reimer’s Case
Botched circumcision case where he was reassigned female gender-showed that gender is neurological and biological.
Storm’s Case
Toronto couple chose not to disclose biological sex of new born-raised gender neutral. Storm later identified themselves as “she.”
Caster Semenyar (olympic athlete)
Body produced more testosterone than a normal woman’s. Revealed she had male sex organs. Rule placed in olympics for a max amount of testosterone a woman can have if she is to be allowed to compete as a woman.
Caitlyn Jenner and Jenna Talackova
Glamorized experience of being trans, when in reality 43% of trans people in North America have committed suicide.
Beatrice Kachuks 4 Feminist Theories
Liberal, essentialist, socialist, postmodernist.
Liberal Feminism
Securing equal rights for women in all phases of public life. Criticises universality of white, middle class, heterosexual, cisgender Western women. Benefits are not as readily available to women in different social locations. Gender is an artificial construct-men and women possess same intellectual abilities.
Essentialist Feminism
Women and men are essentially different in the way they think. Criticisms-Assumption that all women experience gender alike, generalizes from western model.
Socialist Feminism
Insight gained looking at intersections of oppression between class and gender. Race and ethnicity may be overlooked when focusing solely on class.
Postmodernist Feminism
No universally relevent explanation of what it is to be male or femae. Perspective guides research
Queer Theory (Judith Butler)
Rejects the idea that male and female genders are natural binary opposites. Disputes idea that gender identity=biology. Gender is a continuum.
Mismatch Rate
Calculates percentage of university graduates in jobs requiring a high school diploma or less.
The four performances of masculinity
Hegemonic, subordinate, marginalized, and complicit.
Hegemonic
Serve to normalize/naturalize mens dominance and women’s subordination.
Subordinate
Behaviours and self-presentation by males that threaten hegemonic masculinity (gay and effeminate men)
Marginalized
Adaptation of masculinities to issues such as race and class
Complicit
Do not embody hegemonic, but benefit from hegemonic structure (Gender order).
Heteronormativity and Heterosexism
Heterosexuality as a default position, and if you deviate from heterosexuality you will be punished.
Legislative Assembly of Alberta
31% female, 69% male. Members of 42nd Parliament, 26% female, 74% male.
How many women hold a uni degree compared with men?
1/3 compared with 1/4.
Pink Ghetto (pink collar)
Feminization of occupations. Status of job declines with feminization, as does salary.
How much do women make in comparison to men?
Women make 74% of what men make. With hourly wages, women make 84% of what men make. Women make more in public sectors than in private, which is vice versa for men.
Labour Market Return
If you spend lots on education, you should get what you paid for.
What are the trends with racialized minorities and indigenous people?
Canadian born racialized minorities make MORE than foreign born minorities. Canadian born whites make LESS than foreign born whites. Income of indigenous people is always the lowest.
