Chapter 5 Status Flashcards
What is a status?
Recognized social position that an individual occupies
What is a status set?
Collection of statuses that you have
What is an achieved status?
Not a status that is born into, ex: professional position. Assume personal ability, accomplishment or voluntary act.
Ascribed status
One you were born into or entered into involuntarily
What is social mobility?
Degree to which a status is achieved or ascribed. Ex: professional occupations like doctor or lawyer can be ascribed to the upper class in a society with little social mobility.
What is passing?
Achieving dominant racial status though you are not part of the dominant race. Works when you identify as part of a minority, but don’t appear to be part of one.
What idea did Everett C. Hughes have?
Master status- status that dominates all of an individuals other statuses.
What is status consistency?
How well your status hierarchy lines up (Ex: If you’re white, male, middle class, then your status hierarchy lines up. If you’re black, male and upper class then your status hierarchy is inconsistent)
What is marginalization?
Process by which groups are assigned into categories, that set them at or beyond the margins of the dominant society.
What was Howard Becker’s labelling theory?
Explains negative effects a label can have when applied to a group outside the minority. When negative labels are attached to a status a powerful master status can be created and internalized by the individual and by others.
What is the difference between role strain and role conflict?
Role strain: Tension between roles connected to a single status (ex: Teacher being loyal to students and faculty)
Role Conflict: Tension between expectations related to different statuses (ex: Mother who is also a student)
What is a role exit?
Process of disengaging from a role central tones identity and attempting to establish a new role.
Who was Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaug?
Ex-nun turned sociologist (example of role exiting)
What did Frederic M. Thrasher study?
Used fieldwork to study gangs. Noticed that they were generally separated from the larger world.
What is the Thomas Theorum?
Symbolic Interactionism, situations we define as real become real in their consequences.
What is the definition of the situation?
Different individuals will define situations differently and in contradictory ways based on subjectivity.
Robert F. Bales
Social psychologist. Interaction process analysis (IPA)-Initially designed to determine whether groups and their members were task or relationship oriented. Later identified patters of behaviour such as friendly/unfriendly.
What is social organization?
Social and cultural principles around which things are structured, ordered and categorized. Communication, hierarchies, leadership, structures. Upheld by social relations.
Cosmology
Account of origin and ruling principles of the universe, role of humans in relation to non-humans. High form of truth
What are the three feminist organizations?
Formal Social Movement: Professional, bureaucratic and inclusive, few demands from members ex) Organizations dedicated to basic womens rights
Small groups/collectives: Informal, require large time committments, loyalty and material resources from members ex) Womens publishing houses
Service Provider Organizations: Combine elements of small group and formal. ex) Organizations dedicated to specific womens rights such as counselling services and protection to victims of domestic abuse.
What is a bureaucratic system?
Concerned with social stability (confucius). Necessary for successful functioning of complex societies. Rules and procedures are precisely defined, concentration of administrative value.
What were the four ideas of Max Weber’s Formal Rationalization?
Efficiency, quantification, predictibility and control.
What is substantive rationalization?
Involves substace of values and ethical norms.
What were Francis Galtons ideas?
Father of modern statistical analysis, pioneer in developing methods to measure capabilities and productivity of individuals.
What were Frederick W. Taylors Ideas?
Scientific management (Taylorism). Designed to discover the “one best way” of doing any given job. Eliminates wasteful, inefficient manners. Weakness: Didn’t allow individual to develop broad skill set. Alienation from work.
Team Approach
Worker input/ involvement in manufacturing. Generates greater sense of product ownership.
What is efficiency?
Streamlined movement in time and effort. Breaks up larger tasks into smaller, repeated tasks
What is quantification?
Number of successes. Completion of large number of quantifiable tasks.
What is predictability?
Knowing what to expect (ex: fast food chains virtually work the same around the world)
What is control?
How ways of doing work are systematic and the same (no idiosyncrasy).
What was Erving Goffman’s presentation of self?
An individuals effort to create specific impressions in the minds of others.
What is impression management?
Tactics people employ when presenting themselves publicly
What is dramaturgical analysis?
Study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performances (front stage- public display and backstage for personal encounters) People are most authentic backstage.
What is a utilitarian organisation?
Gives benefits for individuals (example: university) membership is a matter of choice
What is a normative organisation?
Joining a group for morals, not necessarily for personal benefit.
WHat is a coercive organisation?
Membership is not voluntary, forced joining (prisons, residential schools, psych wards), total institutions.
What is Mcdonaldization?
Characterized by efficiency, quantification, predictability and control, irrationality, deskilling, consumer workers. Process by which the rationalizing principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate society.
