Chapter 7 Social Inequalities Flashcards

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1
Q

What is social inequality?

A

The long-term existence of significant differences in access to goods and services among social groups.

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2
Q

Kimberle Williams Cremshaw and Patricia Hill Collins

A

Studied intersectionality-interactions of different social locations “matrix of domination”.

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3
Q

Class Consciousness

A

Awareness of what is in the best interest of one’s class (owner class always possesses this)

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4
Q

False Consciousness

A

Working class-belief that something is in it’s best interest when it is actually not.

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5
Q

Marx’s ideas of social inequality

A

Class is relational, reflects relationship to “means of production”.

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6
Q

Max Weber’s 3 elements of social inequality

A

Wealth, prestige, and power.

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7
Q

Class Reductionism

A

Occurs when a sociologist attributes all forms of oppression to class, downplays race, gender, age etc.

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8
Q

Strata

A

Units of analysis in stratified sampling (sample is drawn from each stratum/level of population)

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9
Q

Herbert Brown Ames

A

Engaged in Canadas first comprehensive urban sociological study promoting construction of affordable housing for working class Montreal.

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10
Q

Colin McKay

A

Was a working class intellectual.

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11
Q

Liberal Ideology

A

Views the individual as more or less an independent player on the sociological scene. Great deal of social mobility, blames individual for lack of success. Minimizes criticism of social inequality.

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12
Q

Antonio Gramsci

A

Critiqued dominant ideology. Co-founder and leader of Italian Communist Party, opposed Benito Mussolini. Developed “hegemony”

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13
Q

Hegemony

A

Non-coercive methods of maintaining power. Inequality exists not because of problems in the system but because some people are willing to work harder than others. Dominance over.

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14
Q

Living wage

A

Represents a target above the existing minimum wage which is considered too low for the working poor to live on.

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15
Q

Structural Functionalist Approach

A

Davis and Moore- Social inequalities are beneficial for the functioning of society. Egalitarian societies offer little incentive for people to try their best.

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16
Q

Which provinces had the highest and lowerst individual incomes in 2015?

A

Alberta and New Brunswick

17
Q

Bombardier problem

A

3.72 million dollar loan-financial distress and government funding, yet CEO pay was increased and workers were laid off.

18
Q

Absolute Poverty

A

Developing countries, no access to basic needs. Poverty that eventually leads to death.

19
Q

Relative Poverty

A

Poverty in relation to rest of population.

20
Q

Measures of Poverty

A

Absolute-basket of goods, how much on average would they cost, dollar amount needed to aquire.
Relative-Average family spending on 3 essential items vs average poor families spending-leftover cash is seen as disposable income.

21
Q

What makes poverty more likely?

A

Age (children and the elderly), racialized people, feminized people (lone parents included). Povery affects 3 million Canadians and 20% are children.

22
Q

What are the percentages of minimum wage earners?

A

Young (33% 15-19 years), Limited education (30%), Employed part time (56%), Permanent positions (72%), Female (57.5%).

23
Q

Homelessness Trends

A

Per capita homeless rate is higher in Calgary than Toronto. Higher trends in the summer.

24
Q

Intragenerational Mobility

A

Look at single generation and their social mobility.

25
Q

Intergenerational Mobility

A

Compare multiple generations (compared to my parents, how am I doing?)

26
Q

Structural Mobility

A

Increase of minimum wage by government lifts people into different social classes, out of their individual control.

27
Q

Horizontal Mobility

A

People who are born wealthy/poor tend to stay that way-thus a horizontal mobility (changing position with class).

28
Q

Vertical Mobility

A

Middle class, tend to move up or down on the social mobility scale.