Chapter 9 - Foundations of Group Behavior Flashcards
Two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives.
Group
A designated workgroup defined by an organization’s structure.
Formal Group
Perspective that considers when and why individuals consider themselves members of groups.
Social Identity Theory
Perspective in which we see members of our ingroup as better than other people, and people not in our group as all the same.
Ingroup Favoritism
The inverse of an ingroup, which can mean everyone outside the group, but more usually an identified other group.
Outgroup
A set of phases that temporary groups go through that involves transitions between inertia and activity.
Punctuated-Equilibrium Model
A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit.
Role
An individual’s view of how he or she is supposed to act in a given situation.
Role Perception
How others believe a person should act in a given situation.
Role Expectations
An unwritten agreement that sets out what management expects from an employee and vice versa.
Psychological Contract
A situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations.
Role Conflict
A situation in which the expectations of an individual’s different, separate groups are in opposition.
Interrole Conflict
Acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group’s members.
Norms
The adjustment of one’s behavior to align with the norms of the group.
Conformity
Important groups to which individuals belong or hope to belong and with whose norms individuals are likely to conform.
Reference Groups
Voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and, in so doing, threatens the well-being of the organization or its members. Also called antisocial behavior or workplace incivility.
Deviant Workplace Behavior
A socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others.
Status
A theory that states that differences in status characteristics create status hierarchies within groups.
Status Characteristics Theory
The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually.
Social Loafing
The degree to which group members are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay in the group.
Cohesiveness
The extent to which members of a group are similar to, or different from, one another.
Diversity
The perceived divisions that split groups into two or more subgroups based on individual differences such as sex, race, age, work experience, and education.
Faultlines
A phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action.
Groupthink
A change between a group’s decision and an individual decision that a member within the group would make; the shift can be toward either conservatism or greater risk but it generally is toward a more extreme version of the group’s original position.
Groupshift
Typical groups in which members interact with each other face to face.
Interacting Groups
An idea-generation process that specifically encourages any and all alternatives while withholding any criticism of those alternatives.
Brainstorming
A group decision-making method in which individual members meet face to face to pool their judgments in a systematic but independent fashion.
Nominal Group Technique
