Chapter 5 - Personality and Values Flashcards
The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.
Personality
Factors determined at conception; one’s biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup.
Heredity
Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior.
Personality Traits
A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into one of 16 personality types.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
A personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized.
Conscientiousness
A personality dimension that characterizes someone as calm, self-confident, and secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative).
Emotional Stability
A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious, and assertive. openness to experience a personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity.
Extraversion
A personality dimension that describes someone who is good natured, cooperative, and trusting.
Agreeableness
A constellation of negative personality traits consisting of machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy.
Dark Triad
The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means.
Machiavellianism
The tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.
Narcissism
The tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt or remorse when actions cause harm.
Psychopathy
Bottomline conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person.
Core Self-Evaluation (CSE)
A personality trait that measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.
Self-Monitoring
People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.
Proactive Personality
A theory indicating that the way personality translates into behavior depends on the strength of the situation.
Situation Strength Theory
A theory that predicts that some situations, events, or interventions “activate” a trait more than others.
Trait Activation Theory (TAT)
Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence.
Values
A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual’s values in terms of their intensity.
Value System
Desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime.
Terminal Values
Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one’s terminal values.
Instrumental Values
A theory that identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover.
Personality–Job Fit Theory
A theory that people are attracted to and selected by organizations that match their values, and leave when there is not compatibility.
Person-Organization Fit
A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.
Power Distance
A national culture attribute that describes the degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups.
Individualism
A national culture attribute that describes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them.
Collectivism
A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which the culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achievement, power, and control. Societal values are characterized by assertiveness and materialism.
Masculinity
A national culture attribute that indicates little differentiation between male and female roles; a high rating indicates that women are treated as the equals of men in all aspects of the society.
Femininity
A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them.
Uncertainty Avoidance
A national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence.
Long-Term Orientation
A national culture attribute that emphasizes the present and accepts change.
Short-Term Orientation
