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Psychology of Emotions > Chapter 9: Emotion Regulation > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Emotion Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is emotion regulation?

A

The ways that people influence the intensity, duration, and type of emotions they do/do not experience and how and whether they eventually express those emotions.

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2
Q

What is the hedonic motive for emotion regulation?

A

The want to change a state after identifying it as undesirable.

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3
Q

What is an antecedent-focused emotion regulation strategy?

A

Controlling or modulating an emotion before it has been elicited.

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4
Q

What is a response-focused emotion regulation strategy?

A

Modifying of the expressive, subjective, or physiological aspects of an emotion that is already occurring.

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5
Q

What are the antecedent-focused emotion regulation strategies? (4)

A
  1. Situation Selection. 2. Situation Modification. 3. Attentional Deployment. 4. Cognitive Change.
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6
Q

What is the situation selection emotion regulation strategy?

A

Find desirable experiences and avoid undesirable ones.

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7
Q

What is the situation modification emotion regulation strategy?

A

Alter the features of a situation to modify emotional impact.

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8
Q

What is the attentional deployment emotion regulation strategy?

A

Affecting the impact of the situation by altering what information you take in.

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9
Q

What is the cognitive change emotion regulation strategy?

A

Modifying how you think about a situation (your appraisal) to change its emotional meaning.

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10
Q

What are the response-focused emotion regulation strategies? (4)

A
  1. Regulation of expressive behavior. 2. Regulation of physiological arousal. 3. Regulation of experience. 4. Social Sharing of Emotions.
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11
Q

What is the regulation of expressive behavior emotion regulation strategy?

A

Suppressing and amplifying of facial, bodily, and vocal expressions of emotion.

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12
Q

What is the regulation of physiological arousal emotion regulation strategy?

A

Using medications, exercise, or relaxation to reduce physiological arousal.

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13
Q

What is the regulation of experience emotion regulation strategy?

A

Focusing on or suppressing intense thoughts accompanying emotion (e.g. rumination, thought suppression).

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14
Q

What is the social sharing of emotions emotion regulation strategy?

A

Talk about positive or negative feelings with others.

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15
Q

What is cognitive reappraisal?

A

Changing how you think about an upcoming or ongoing emotional experience.

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16
Q

Can cognitive reappraisal diminish the intensity of negative feelings? How?

A

Yes, through reframing in less emotional/negative ways.

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17
Q

Are people often able to suppress expressions linked to intense emotional experiences?

A

No.

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18
Q

What is the evidence that suppressing expressions is effortful?

A

Participants suppressing their expressions show increased sympathetic arousal activation.

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19
Q

What are the psychological costs of expression suppression? (3)

A
  1. Increased cognitive load. 2. Attention towards self and away from others. 3. Increases verbal monitoring, so it reduces verbal memory.
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20
Q

Does expression suppression impair memory?

A

Yes.

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21
Q

What are the social costs of expression suppression? (2)

A
  1. Impairs social responsiveness. 2. Low expressiveness is associated with lower marriage satisfaction.
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22
Q

Why is cognitive reappraisal less costly than expression suppression?

A

Because once the event is reappraised, it does not require further effort.

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23
Q

What are the mental health correlates to chronic suppression of emotion? (4)

A
  1. More depressive symptoms. 2. Lower life satisfaction. 3. Lower self-esteem. 4. Lower well-being.
24
Q

What are considered maladaptive emotion regulation strategies? (4)

A
  1. Rumination. 2. Catastrophizing. 3. Self-blame. 4. Other-blame.
25
Q

What are considered adaptive emotion regulation strategies? (4)

A
  1. Positive reappraisal. 2. Putting into perspective. 3. Acceptance. 4. Refocus on planning.
26
Q

What is a cultural difference between Westerners and East Asians in reference to social sharing?

A

Westerners are more likely to disclose distress and ask for support.

27
Q

Why don’t Asians report asking for support as much as Westerners?

A

Because they believe it will lead to relationship disharmony.

28
Q

Is expression suppression more prevalent in Westerners or Asians?

A

Asians.

29
Q

Do Asians have as many negatives to suppressing emotion as Westerners? Why?

A

No, negative effects are more prevalent in cultures emphasizing the expressions of emotions.

30
Q

Why do Asians not have as many repercussions to emotion suppression?

A

Because they down-regulate other components of emotions during expressive suppression (less wear and tear).

31
Q

Which gender suppresses expressions more?

A

Males.

32
Q

Do older people tend to be more likely to reappraise a situation or suppress expressions?

A

They are more likely to reappraise a situation.

33
Q

What is the instrumental motive for emotion regulation?

A

Regulating one’s emotions because there is a belief that certain emotions are appropriate to the task you need to perform.

34
Q

According to the study done by Tamir et al. 2008 on instrumental motives for emotion regulation and video games, what was found? (2)

A
  1. Participants asked to play a video game involving confrontation with enemies, participants involved in activities that inspired anger. 2. Participants did not engage in these activities before playing an empire building game.
35
Q

What is the prosocial motive for emotion regulation? (2)

A
  1. When people express different things determined by concerns involving the expected interpersonal consequences of displaying certain emotions. 2. Regulating one’s emotions to protect the feelings of others.
36
Q

What is the self-protection motive for emotion regulation?

A

Suppressing or feigning an emotion in order to protect their personal safety or to elicit helpful reactions from others.

37
Q

What is the impression management motive for emotion regulation?

A

Regulating emotions due to the fear of being judged negatively by others because expressing an inappropriate emotion.

38
Q

Tomaka et al 1997 study on cognitive reappraisal and how college student think about exams found what?

A

College students can reduce feelings of worry and stress by thinking of the situation in a more detached or positive way (ex. thinking of the exam as an occasion to show what they know (a challenge) rather than the possible revelation of their ignorance).

39
Q

A study on the reappraisal of amusement where participants were asked to increase or decrease their amusement before they watched an amusing clip found what?

A

Reappraisal allowed participants to successfully modify many aspects of their emotional responses in the intended direction.

40
Q

Does cognitive reappraisal consume cognitive resources or impair memory?

A

No.

41
Q

What is the most effective strategy for preventing unwanted emotions?

A

Reappraisal. Distracting oneself or reinterpreting the emotion eliciting situation.

42
Q

What is the rebound effect?

A

The idea that attempting to suppress a thought makes it more likely to occur.

43
Q

In the study by Wegner on the rebound effect (white bear) found what?

A

Participants who had been told not to think of a white bear were more likely to have the idea of the white bear come to mind.

44
Q

According to Wegner’s model of mental control, what two processes are involved in thought suppression?

A
  1. Automatic monitoring process. 2. Controlled operating process.
45
Q

What is the automatic monitoring process? (3)

A
  1. Effortless and involuntary. 2. Functions outside of conscious awareness. 3. Doesn’t require cognitive resources.
46
Q

What is the controlled operating process? (2)

A
  1. Conscious, intentional. 2. Requires cognitive resources.
47
Q

What does the monitoring process serve to do? What does the operating process do?

A

Searches mental content for instances of the unwanted thought. The operating process is activated with the goal to seek out other so-called distractor thoughts that capture conscious attention and serve to keep unwanted thoughts out of mind.

48
Q

Do emotions have the same kind of rebound effect that thoughts do?

A

No.

49
Q

Does suppressing emotions prevent the person from experiencing the emotion?

A

It may “calm the mind, but not the body.”

50
Q

Mendes et al 2003 found out what about suppressing emotions and physiological arousal?

A

Participants who had to suppress thoughts about emotional topics exhibited greater physiological arousal compared to baselines arousal and to the non emotional suppressors.

51
Q

Accepting, rather than avoiding emotion thoughts leads to what?

A

Habituation.

52
Q

What is the expression discharge hypothesis? Is there evidence for this hypothesis?

A
  1. Social sharing of emotion contributes to emotional recovery. 2. There is no evidence.
53
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Integrating an emotional event in their existing emotional schema and scripts.

54
Q

What is accommodation?

A

Modifying an existing schema or script based on an emotional event.

55
Q

What is Pennebaker and colleagues’ inhibition theory?

A

The conscious effort to inhibit one’s emotional thoughts, feelings, and emotion-related behavior generates physiological arousal.

Psychology of Emotions (16 decks)

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