Chapter 9: DNA Replication and Cell Division

Question 1

What are the two types of cell division?

Answer 1

1. somatic cell division
2. reproductive cell division

Question 2

Process wherein two DNA strands separates and a new strand starts to form by laying down bases that are complementary to the DNA template.

Answer 2

DNA replication

Question 3

_________ - is any cell of the body other than a germ cell.

Answer 3

somatic cell

Question 4

________ - is a gamete (sperm or oocyte) or any precursor cell destined to become a gamete.

Answer 4

germ cell

Question 5

In somatic cell division, a cell undergoes a nuclear division called:

Answer 5

mitosis

Question 6

In cytoplasmic division, a cell undergoes a nuclear division called:

Answer 6

cytokinesis

Question 7

____________ - replaces dead or injured cells and adds new ones during tissue growth.

Answer 7

Somatic cell division

Question 8

_____________- is the mechanism that produces
gametes, the cells needed to form the next generation of sexually reproducing organisms.

Answer 8

Reproductive cell division

Question 9

Reproductive cell division consists of a special two step
division, in which the number of chromosomes in the nucleus is reduced by half. This process is called:

Answer 9

meiosis

Question 10

In each normal human cell, there are 4 chromosomes, one pair or 2 chromosomes are called _____________ and the other 22 pairs or 44 chromosomes: _________ .

Answer 10

“sex” chromosomes

“autosomes”

Question 11

_________ → have one X and one Y chromosome as their pair of sex chromosomes.

Answer 11

Males

Question 12

__________ → have two identical sex chromosomes, both X. (XX)

Answer 12

Females

Question 13

What is the percentage of the total genes that a parent contributes to a child?

Answer 13

50% to total genes of a child

Question 14

On each pair of chromosomes, the same regions contain genetic information for the same function. Thus, these regions are identical genetically and are termed: _________ .

Answer 14

alleles

Question 15

__________- Transmitted to half of the (first) offspring (generation). Becomes manifested as a trait in the offspring.

Answer 15

Dominant gene

Question 16

____________ - Transmitted to half of the (first) generation. Only ¼ of the children show the characteristic that is coded by the gene. If only one parent has the gene therefore half the children will carry the gene but none of the children shows the feature.

Answer 16

Recessive gene