Chapter 13: Carbohydrate, Fat and Protein Metabolism

Question 1

Also called “breakdown” of carbohydrates

Answer 1

Carbohydrate Catabolism

Question 2

_________- is a simple carbohydrate that is metabolized in the process of glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle.

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

_________ - is the end product of aerobic glycolysis, enters the Kreb’s cycle and is converted to acetyl coenzyme A or “Acetyl COA”.

Answer 3

pyruvic acid

Question 4

__________ - is the first substance in Kreb’s cycle.

Answer 4

Acetyl acetyl coenzyme A (COA)

Question 5

_________ - is broken down to form glucose which can then participate in glycolysis and to form energy (ATP).

Answer 5

glycogen

Question 6

_________ - Or fat anabolism. Occur in cell cytosol (partly) and completed in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 6

Fat (lipid) formation

Question 7

In _______ : fatty acids are formed.

Answer 7

cytosol

Question 8

In ______________ : 3 fatty acids attach to a group glycerol backbone, thus forming one triacylglycerol or fat molecule.

Answer 8

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

___________- occurs by glycerol entering the glycolytic pathway and also by fatty acids converting to the acetyl COA molecule by a process called _________ .

Answer 9

Fat breakdown or catabolism

beta (B) oxidation

Question 10

Where does B-oxidation takes place?

Answer 10

B-oxidation takes place in the mitochondria

Question 11

_______ - is the most efficient form of energy that is stored by body cells. One gram produces almost 2.5 times more energy than one gram of any carbohydrate.

Answer 11

Fat

Question 12

Cells that store most of the body’s fat.

Answer 12

Adipocytes or fat cells

Question 13

__________ - layers of fat are the adipose tissue, immediately under the skin tissue.

Answer 13

Subcutaneous

Question 14

__________ - pathway converts glucose into glycogen.

Answer 14

glycogenesis

Question 15

_________ - pathway breaks down glycogen into glucose.

Answer 15

glycogenolysis

Question 16

__________ - the synthesis of glycogen.

Answer 16

glycogenesis

Question 17

The process by which glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate sources.

Answer 17

gluconeogenesis

Question 18

___________ - proteins are broken down into amino acids.

Answer 18

Protein Catabolism

Question 19

___________ - the formation of peptide bonds between
amino acids to produce new proteins.

Answer 19

Protein anabolism

Question 20

Process of removing amino group (which has Nitrogen in it) from the amino acid. Protein -> amino acids which are catabolized .

Answer 20

Deamination

Question 21

What are the two forms of deamination?

Answer 21

1. Oxidative deamination
2. Transamination

Question 22

_____________- Amino acid loses amino group but picks up an oxygen atom and thus become a keto acid.

Answer 22

Oxidative deamination

Question 23

___________ - An amino group is transferred from one amino acid to a keto acid, thus amino acid becomes a keto acid and the keto acid becomes an amino acid.

Answer 23

Transamination

Question 24

Body is able to produce several amino acids by itself

Answer 24

Protein formation & storage