Chapter 13: Carbohydrate, Fat and Protein Metabolism Flashcards
Also called “breakdown” of carbohydrates
Carbohydrate Catabolism
_________- is a simple carbohydrate that is metabolized in the process of glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle.
Glucose
_________ - is the end product of aerobic glycolysis, enters the Kreb’s cycle and is converted to acetyl coenzyme A or “Acetyl COA”.
pyruvic acid
__________ - is the first substance in Kreb’s cycle.
Acetyl acetyl coenzyme A (COA)
_________ - is broken down to form glucose which can then participate in glycolysis and to form energy (ATP).
glycogen
_________ - Or fat anabolism. Occur in cell cytosol (partly) and completed in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Fat (lipid) formation
In _______ : fatty acids are formed.
cytosol
In ______________ : 3 fatty acids attach to a group glycerol backbone, thus forming one triacylglycerol or fat molecule.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
___________- occurs by glycerol entering the glycolytic pathway and also by fatty acids converting to the acetyl COA molecule by a process called _________ .
Fat breakdown or catabolism
beta (B) oxidation
Where does B-oxidation takes place?
B-oxidation takes place in the mitochondria
_______ - is the most efficient form of energy that is stored by body cells. One gram produces almost 2.5 times more energy than one gram of any carbohydrate.
Fat
Cells that store most of the body’s fat.
Adipocytes or fat cells
__________ - layers of fat are the adipose tissue, immediately under the skin tissue.
Subcutaneous
__________ - pathway converts glucose into glycogen.
glycogenesis
_________ - pathway breaks down glycogen into glucose.
glycogenolysis
__________ - the synthesis of glycogen.
glycogenesis
The process by which glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate sources.
gluconeogenesis
___________ - proteins are broken down into amino acids.
Protein Catabolism
___________ - the formation of peptide bonds between
amino acids to produce new proteins.
Protein anabolism
Process of removing amino group (which has Nitrogen in it) from the amino acid. Protein -> amino acids which are catabolized .
Deamination
What are the two forms of deamination?
- Oxidative deamination
- Transamination
_____________- Amino acid loses amino group but picks up an oxygen atom and thus become a keto acid.
Oxidative deamination
___________ - An amino group is transferred from one amino acid to a keto acid, thus amino acid becomes a keto acid and the keto acid becomes an amino acid.
Transamination
Body is able to produce several amino acids by itself
Protein formation & storage
