Chapter 6: Cell Organelles

Question 1

__________ - is a spherical or oval-shaped structure that usually is the most prominent feature of cell. Surrounded by the nuclear envelope of the nuclear membrane. Only certain molecules are exchanged across this membrane. Contains the genetic code (information).

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

_________ - control the movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Answer 2

Nuclear pores

Question 3

Inside the nucleus are one or more spherical bodies called _________ that function in producing ribosomes.

Answer 3

nucleoli

Question 4

__________- are the sites of synthesis of rRNA and assembly of rRNA and proteins into ribosomal subunits.

Answer 4

Nucleoli

Question 5

What is the hereditary units within the nucleus which control cellular structure and direct cellular activities?

Answer 5

genes

Question 6

________ -is a long molecule of DNA that is coiled together with several proteins.

Answer 6

chromosome

Question 7

This complex of DNA, proteins, and some RNA is called:

Answer 7

chromatin

Question 8

_________ - consists of double-stranded DNA wrapped
twice around a core of eight proteins.

Answer 8

nucleosome

Question 9

It is a core of eight proteins which help organize the coiling and folding of DNA.

Answer 9

histones

Question 10

The string between the beads which holds adjacent nucleosomes together.

Answer 10

linker DNA

Question 11

__________ - are particles consisting of Protein and RNA, mainly. Exist either free in cytoplasm or bound.

Answer 11

Ribosomes

Question 12

___________- Collection of flattened sacs/tubes in the cytoplasm.

Answer 12

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 13

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

Answer 13

1. Smooth or agranular (SER)
2. Rough or granular (RER)

Question 14

__________ -Site of lipid synthesis No ribosomes, therefore look smooth.

Answer 14

Smooth or agranular (SER)

Question 15

___________ - Ribosomes present on it and Site of protein synthesis.

Answer 15

Rough or granular (RER)

Question 16

__________ - A series of flat membranes/sacs in close proximity to the nucleus (usually). Receives proteins from RER and packages them into vesicles.

Answer 16

Golgi Apparatus

Question 17

__________ - containing specific and modified proteins are released into the cytoplasm of the cell.

Answer 17

Vesicles

Question 18

3–20 flattened membranous sacs consists the golgi apparatus.

Answer 18

cisternae

Question 19

_________- Rod-like structures surrounded by an outer and an inner membrane could be anywhere in cell cytoplasm and are energy producers for the cell. They take up O2 and in a series of reactions, use it (along with glucose) to form ATP.

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

_________- Round or oval structures containing digestive enzymes. These enzymes are released during a battle situation.

Answer 20

Lysosomes

Question 21

The powerhouse of the cell.

Answer 21

Mitochondria

Question 22

Self Digestion of cell is known as:

Answer 22

Autolysis

Question 23

___________ - are similar in structure to lysosomes. They react with and destroy oxygen free radicals/reactive oxygen species.

Answer 23

Peroxisomes

Question 24

__________ - Cell cytoskeleton contains several types of filaments which function to regulate the shape of the cell and motility.

Answer 24

Cell Filaments

Question 25

What are the four types of cell filaments?

Answer 25

1. Microfilaments 2. Intermediate filaments 3. Thick filaments 4. Microtubules

Question 26

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - Smallest type of cell filament that are made up of actin (a protein) where cell assembly/disassembly.

Answer 26

Microfilaments

Question 27

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - Larger than microfilaments. Important in cell’s ability to withstand mechanical stress.

Answer 27

Intermediate filaments

Question 28

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - Larger than intermediate filaments. Made up of myosin. Only found in muscles therefore are called muscle thick filaments, responsible in muscle contraction.

Answer 28

Thick filaments

Question 29

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - Largest type of filament with Tube-like structures. It contribute to cell’s ability to withstand mechanical force and has a Hair-like fibres on some cells (or Cilia) use microtubules for movement.

Answer 29

Microtubules