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Physiology 5 > Chapter 6: Cell Organelles > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Cell Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

__________ - is a spherical or oval-shaped structure that usually is the most prominent feature of cell. Surrounded by the nuclear envelope of the nuclear membrane. Only certain molecules are exchanged across this membrane. Contains the genetic code (information).

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

_________ - control the movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

A

Nuclear pores

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3
Q

Inside the nucleus are one or more spherical bodies called _________ that function in producing ribosomes.

A

nucleoli

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4
Q

__________- are the sites of synthesis of rRNA and assembly of rRNA and proteins into ribosomal subunits.

A

Nucleoli

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5
Q

What is the hereditary units within the nucleus which control cellular structure and direct cellular activities?

A

genes

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6
Q

________ -is a long molecule of DNA that is coiled together with several proteins.

A

chromosome

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7
Q

This complex of DNA, proteins, and some RNA is called:

A

chromatin

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8
Q

_________ - consists of double-stranded DNA wrapped
twice around a core of eight proteins.

A

nucleosome

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9
Q

It is a core of eight proteins which help organize the coiling and folding of DNA.

A

histones

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10
Q

The string between the beads which holds adjacent nucleosomes together.

A

linker DNA

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11
Q

__________ - are particles consisting of Protein and RNA, mainly. Exist either free in cytoplasm or bound.

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

___________- Collection of flattened sacs/tubes in the cytoplasm.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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13
Q

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

A
  1. Smooth or agranular (SER)
  2. Rough or granular (RER)
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14
Q

__________ -Site of lipid synthesis No ribosomes, therefore look smooth.

A

Smooth or agranular (SER)

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15
Q

___________ - Ribosomes present on it and Site of protein synthesis.

A

Rough or granular (RER)

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16
Q

__________ - A series of flat membranes/sacs in close proximity to the nucleus (usually). Receives proteins from RER and packages them into vesicles.

A

Golgi Apparatus

17
Q

__________ - containing specific and modified proteins are released into the cytoplasm of the cell.

A

Vesicles

18
Q

3–20 flattened membranous sacs consists the golgi apparatus.

A

cisternae

19
Q

_________- Rod-like structures surrounded by an outer and an inner membrane could be anywhere in cell cytoplasm and are energy producers for the cell. They take up O2 and in a series of reactions, use it (along with glucose) to form ATP.

A

Mitochondria

20
Q

_________- Round or oval structures containing digestive enzymes. These enzymes are released during a battle situation.

A

Lysosomes

21
Q

The powerhouse of the cell.

A

Mitochondria

22
Q

Self Digestion of cell is known as:

A

Autolysis

23
Q

___________ - are similar in structure to lysosomes. They react with and destroy oxygen free radicals/reactive oxygen species.

A

Peroxisomes

24
Q

__________ - Cell cytoskeleton contains several types of filaments which function to regulate the shape of the cell and motility.

A

Cell Filaments

25
Q

What are the four types of cell filaments?

A
  1. Microfilaments
  2. Intermediate filaments
  3. Thick filaments
  4. Microtubules
26
Q

_________ - Smallest type of cell filament that are made up of actin (a protein) where cell assembly/disassembly.

A

Microfilaments

27
Q

__________ - Larger than microfilaments. Important in cell’s ability to withstand mechanical stress.

A

Intermediate filaments

28
Q

___________ - Larger than intermediate filaments. Made up of myosin. Only found in muscles therefore are called muscle thick filaments, responsible in muscle contraction.

A

Thick filaments

29
Q

__________ - Largest type of filament with Tube-like structures. It contribute to cell’s ability to withstand mechanical force and has a Hair-like fibres on some cells (or Cilia) use microtubules for movement.

A

Microtubules

Physiology 5 (14 decks)

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