Chapter 9: Developmental Psychology Flashcards
Konrad Lorenz
established that some infant animals imprint
attachment
the reciprocal relationship between child and caregiver
Harry Harlow
research with monkeys and attachment; food wire mother + padded mother, found that they spent hte most time with the padded mother and that touch is important to ttachment
Mary Ainsworth
created strange situations for human children by having their parents walk away and then come back; researched secure, avoidant, anxious/ambivalent attachments
secure attachments
66% of participants; explored novel environment while parents were present, distressed when they leave, come to parents when they return
avoidant attachments
21% resist being held by parents and will explore the novel environment, but do not seek comfort afterward
anxious attachments
12% have ambivalent reactions
Diana Baumrind
authoritarian, authoritative, permissive parenting
Lev Vygotsky
zone of proximal development; range of tasks that child can perform independently
Sigmund Freud
oral/anal/phallic/latency/genital stages
Erik Erikson
psychosocial stage theory
psychosocial stage theory
trust v mistrust; autonomy v shame and doubt; intiative v guilt; industry v inferiority; identity v role confusion; intimicy v isolation; generativity v stagnation; integrity v despair
stage 1 of psychosocial development
trust v mistrust; stage 1 of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development; babies learn whether or not they can trust their caregivers and the world
stage 2 of psychosocial development
autonomy v shame and doubt; toddlers begin to exert their will over their own bodies
stage 3 of psychosocial development
initiative v guilt; feel natural curiosity about their surroundings
stage 4 of psychosocial development
industry v inferiority; beginning of formal education, begin to be evaluated through our work, develop superiority/inferiority complexes
stage 5 of psychosocial development
identity v role confusion; adolescence, identity crisis
stage 6 of psychosocial development
intimacy v isolation; figure out how to balance ties between school/work/career/family, figure out romantic relationships etc
stage 7
generativity v stagnation, figure out whether or not we’re successful, look critically at our life path and figure out what we’re doing
stage 8 of psychosocial development
integrity v despair; whether or not we’re happy with our lives
Piaget’s cognitive development theory
sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operational; formal operational
stage 1 of piaget’s cognitive development theory
sensorimotor stage, ~2 years old, reflexes/object permanence/stick stuff in mouth
preoperational stage
2 - 7 y/o; use symbols to represent real world objects, like language; children are egocentric in this stage
concrete operational
8 - 12 y/o; concepts of conservation, conservation of volume, area, number
formal operational
12 - adult; hypothesis testing, a person in formal operational stage can reason from a hypothesis, like “what would you be like if you were born on another planet?” we could begin to answer this question; begin to display metacognition, or thinking about how we think
metacognition
thinking about how we think
information-processing model of child development
we develop cognition abilities continuously, like attention span.
lawrence kohlberg
worked with moral development; preconventional, conventional, postconventional
Carol Gilligan
challenged kohlberg’s theory of moral development because it was based on boys and girls reach conclusions in a different manner
