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Psychology > Chapter 10: Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Personality Flashcards

1
Q

personality

A

unique attitudes, perspectives and emotions that define a person

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2
Q

type a

A

work hard play hard; super conscious of deadlines; easily angered

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3
Q

type b

A

relaxed, easygoing

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4
Q

freud’s theory on personality

A

oral can lead to fixation; anal to retentive or expulsive; phallic to penis envy or castration anxiety

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5
Q

anal-expulsive personality

A

messy, disorganized, stuck in anal stage

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6
Q

anal-retentive personality

A

meticulously neat and organized

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7
Q

fixation in the phallic stage

A

people who are unnecessarily sexually assured/aggressive; or consumed by perceived sexual inadequacies

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8
Q

freud’s sections of personality

A

id, ego, superego

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9
Q

id

A

is in the unconscious and contains life instincts (eros) and death instincts (thanatos)

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10
Q

pleasure principle

A

id chases immediate gratification

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11
Q

ego

A

mediates between internal id and external environment/superego

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12
Q

superego

A

sense of right and wrong, conscience.

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13
Q

reality principle

A

ego mediates between internal desires and external realities

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14
Q

defense mechanisms

A

repression, denial, displacement, projection, reaction formation, regression, rationalization, intellectualization, sublimation

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15
Q

repression

A

blocking thoughts out, “who is muffy?”

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16
Q

denial

A

not accepting the ego-threatening truth; “we have a date next week,”

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17
Q

displacement

A

redirecting emotions; anger at a teacher may be redirected to a classmate

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18
Q

projection

A

insisting that your feelings for someone else are actually their feelings for you; muffy still loves me!

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19
Q

reaction formation

A

saying the opposite of what you truly feel; i hate muffy!

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20
Q

regression

A

regressing to an earlier, comforting behavior, like sleeping with a stuffed animal

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21
Q

rationalization

A

coming up with a beneficial result of an undesirable consequence; at least I can have free time or something

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22
Q

intellectualization

A

undertaking academic study of a topic

23
Q

sublimation

A

channeling emotions to a different goal, devotes himself to doing other stuff

24
Q

Karen Horney & Nancy Chodorow

A

posited the idea of womb envy, or that men are jealous of women’s reproductive capabilities; and challenges the idea that men are superior to women or have stronger superegos

25
Q

Carl Jung

A

psychodynamic theorist; theorized personal and collective unconscious; personal unconscious contains repressed thoughts and memories; collective unconscious is the personality that’s passed down in the culture

26
Q

Alfred Adler

A

downplayed importance of unconscious and played up the ego; inferiority is the fear of being inferior; superiority as desire to achieve

27
Q

trait theorists

A

believe that we can describe people through their personalities

28
Q

nomothetic approach

A

we can use all the same criteria to define personalities

29
Q

Raymond Cattell

A

16 factor personality test

30
Q

Hans Eyesenck

A

extraversion-intraversion; stable-unstable

31
Q

Paul Costa & Robert McCrae

A

5-factor personality test; extraversion, stability, aggreeableness, conscientiousness, openness

32
Q

idiographic theorists

A

each person is unique and we can’t use the nomothetic approach

33
Q

Gordon Allport

A

posits that there are a small percentage of people that are defined by one trait, called cardinal dispositions; central dispositions also act a major part and secondary dispositions play a minor role

34
Q

Hippocrates

A

thought that personality was controlled by 4 humors: yellow bile, black bile, blood, phlegm

35
Q

William Sheldon’s somatotype theory

A

endomorphs, ectomorphs, mesomorphs body type gives you a personality type

36
Q

BF Skinner

A

emphasized the role of environment in personality,

37
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

environment, traits and behavior interact and reinforce each other; i.e. reciprocal determinism

38
Q

self-efficacy

A

the degree to which you can expect to get things done; high self-efficacy means that you have a high self-esteem in terms of things you think you can do

39
Q

George Kelly

A

personal-construct theory & fundamental postulte

40
Q

personal construct theory

A

people view their worlds in terms of a series of opposites; fair-unfair, exciting-dull

41
Q

fundamental postulate

A

people act in terms of their constructs and by knowing their past actions we can predict their future actions

42
Q

bandura

A

self-efficacy

43
Q

Julian Rotter

A

theorized hte idea of locus of control

44
Q

internal locus of control

A

hard work leads to success, i determine my own future

45
Q

external locus of control

A

factors like luck and things determine our success

46
Q

third force

A

humanistic approach

47
Q

humanistic approach

A

rejects determinism and substitutes free will, our ability to choose our own actions; self concept, self-esteem

48
Q

self-concept

A

global view of how we perceive ourself

49
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

Carl Rogers’s theory that we need unconditional acceptance in order to reach self actualization

50
Q

projective tests

A

like the rorschach inkblot tests, ask people to interpret random stimuli

51
Q

thematic approach test

A

TAT, giving cards with random scenes and asking them to describe it

52
Q

self-report inventories

A

surveys for people to evaluate themselves

53
Q

MMPI-2

A

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

54
Q

Barnum effect

A

there’s a sucker born every minute, ability to see ourselves as stock descriptions of personality and fall prey to fortune tellers and astrologists

Psychology (11 decks)

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