Chapter 1: History & Approaches

Question 1

Willhelm Wundt

Answer 1

“Father of Psychology”: first formal psychology laboratory; introspection and structuralism

Question 2

Wertheimer

Answer 2

Gestalt Psychology

Question 3

Gestalt

Answer 3

Whole is greater than the sum of its parts; that the brain operates on a holistic parallel level; seeks to understand organization of the brain rather than its elemental processes

Question 4

Introspection

Answer 4

self-reporting your thoughts and feelings, used by Willhelm Wundt to support his theory of structuralism

Question 5

Structuralism

Answer 5

idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations

Question 6

William James

Answer 6

First psychology textbook; Examined the function of various structures (functionalism) rather than their structure like Wundt.

Question 7

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 7

President of the APA, studied with James

Question 8

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 8

First woman to receive a PhD in psychology

Question 9

Stanley Hall

Answer 9

Pioneered the study of childhood development, also president of the APA

Question 10

Wave 2

Answer 10

Gestalt Psychology

Question 11

Wave 3

Answer 11

Psychoanalysis

Question 12

Wave 4

Answer 12

Behaviorism

Question 13

Major Behaviorists:

Answer 13

John Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner

Question 14

John Watson

Answer 14

studied the experiments of Ivan Pavlov; declared that Psychology has to focus more on the concrete rather than the abstract

Question 15

B.F. Skinner

Answer 15

expanded behaviorism to include reinforcement, or the influence of environmental stimuli on our behavior. Made behaviorism the dominant school of thought from 1920 to 1960s

Question 16

Wave 5

Answer 16

Eclectic

Question 17

Psychological Perspectives:

Answer 17

Humanist, cognitive, socio-cultural, biopsychological, psychoanalytic, evolutionary, behavioral.

Question 18

Humanist

Answer 18

Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers; we choose our behaviors and they are guided by spiritual needs

Question 19

Psychoanalytic perspective

Answer 19

Freud, unconscious/preconscious/subconscious

Question 20

Biopsychology

Answer 20

Psychology explained exclusively through brain structure and activity

Question 21

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 21

(Darwin) theory that beneficial behaviors are passed down because they place the individual in a better position to find mates

Question 22

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 22

Would explain human action in terms of reinforcement/conditioning

Question 23

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 23

How a person sees the world and what rules they have to govern it affect the way they behave; closely tied to developmental psychology, Piaget, and how our rules for the world change at different stages in life;

Question 24

sociocultural Perspective

Answer 24

explores how our surrounding social status and cultre affects our actions