Chapter 3: Biological Bases of Behavior

Question 1

acetylcholine

Answer 1

controls motor movement; lack of acetylcholine is associated with Alzheimer’s disease

Question 2

dopamine

Answer 2

functions in motor movement and alertness; lack of dopamine makes Parkinson’s; too much dopamine makes schizophrenia

Question 3

endorphins

Answer 3

pain control; involved in addictions

Question 4

serotonin

Answer 4

functions in mood control; lack of serotonin causes clinical depression

Question 5

EEG

Answer 5

electroencephalogram; measures electrical activity in the brain, brain waves

Question 6

CAT

Answer 6

computerized axial tomography; uses a series of x-rays to create a picture of the brain

Question 7

PET

Answer 7

positron emission tomography; detects which parts of the brain are ‘used’ the most via increased consumption of glucose

Question 8

MRI

Answer 8

magnetic resonance imaging; series of images generated via a magnetic field that provide a detailed visual representation of the brain

Question 9

fMRI

Answer 9

functional MRI; combines elements of PET and MRI, to create a map of the brain + which parts are being used the most

Question 10

hindbrain

Answer 10

medulla, pons, cerebellum

Question 11

medulla

Answer 11

controls heart rate, breathing, blood pressure

Question 12

pons

Answer 12

connects hindbrain to midbrain; controls facial expressions

Question 13

cerebellum

Answer 13

controls habitual motor movement

Question 14

midbrain

Answer 14

integrates motor movements with sensory information; includes reticular formation

Question 15

reticular formation

Answer 15

controls arousal

Question 16

thalamus

Answer 16

sensory switchboard

Question 17

hypothalamus

Answer 17

structure that controls body temperature, sexual arousal, thirst, hunger, satiety, endocrine system.

Question 18

amygdala

Answer 18

located on the end of the hippocampus, emotions

Question 19

hippocampus

Answer 19

processes memory, sends it to long term storage elsewhere.

Question 20

contralateral control

Answer 20

each hemisphere controls the actions of hte opposite side of hte body

Question 21

brain lateralization

Answer 21

hemispheric specialization; the delegation of specific tasks to different hemispheres, i.e. logic in hte left side etc

Question 22

Roger Sperry & Michael Gazzinga

Answer 22

pioneered ‘split-brain’ procedure by severing the corpus callosum

Question 23

association areas

Answer 23

areas not responsible for motor movement or sensory perception, involved in things like judgment or humor

Question 24

Broca’s area

Answer 24

responsible in speech formation, controlling the muscles responsible for speaking; located in the left frontal lobe

Question 25

Wernicke’s area

Answer 25

responsible for understanding grammar and syntax, located in the temporal lobes

Question 26

parietal lobes

Answer 26

contain sensory cortex (somato-sensory cortex)

Question 27

temporal lobes

Answer 27

interpret auditory messages received via the ears

Question 28

Thomas Bouchard

Answer 28

did a huge twin study, but! these were criticized because similar appearances could have created similar effective psychological environments for the twins

Question 29

effective psychological environment

Answer 29

environment that fosters a certain personality/outcome

Question 30

Turner’s syndrome

Answer 30

single X chromosome instead of XY/XX

Question 31

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Answer 31

XXY