Chapter 9: cognitive development in early childhood (3-6 years)

Question 1

Piaget’s preoperational stage (6)

Answer 1

• egocentrism
• appearance-reality
• centration
• theory of mind
• biological theories
• number

Question 2

egocentrism

Answer 2

unaware of their bodies (ex.: if they can’t see themselves, they are not there)
thinking everything is about them and how they think

Question 3

appearance-reality

Answer 3

unaware that a cover is not necessarily real (makeup as a witch = thinking it is a real witch)

Question 4

centration

Answer 4

one can only have one role (ex.: a teacher is only a teacher)

Question 5

theory of mind

Answer 5

relation between mind and behaviour (you put an apple in a box, you come back you’re gonna look for the apple in the box)

Question 6

biological theories

Answer 6

animism: animate vs inanimate objects (movement, growth, healing, etc.)

Question 7

numbers (3)

Answer 7

• size
• more/less
• counting principles (by 5 yo they can count to 20)

Question 8

what factors can affect cognitive development? (3)

Answer 8

• early childhood education
• educational tv
• screen time

Question 8

memory and attention (2)

Answer 8

• attention span increases
• autobiographical memory begins

Question 8

how do children acquire language? (nurture perspective)

Answer 8

• classical conditioning
• operant conditioning
• social cognitive learning
• cognitive theory
• socio-cultural theory

Question 9

how do children acquire language? (nature perspective)

Answer 9

• inborn neural circuits
• brain specialization (broca’s area, wernicke’s area)
• critical periods
• only humans

Question 9

what are signs of language development? (6)

Answer 9

• fast-mapping
• grammar and comprehension
• conversational skills
• pragmatics: social context
• private speech
• overregulation

Question 9

over regularization

Answer 9

plural: adding s even to words that do not need s
past tense: adding ed to verbs