Chapter 11: physical development and health in middle school Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the growth patterns of height and weight?

A
  • growth rate slows considerably
  • body weight doubles during this stage
  • 2-3 inches per year
  • boys are slightly taller/heavier until 10 yo
  • girls have somewhat more fatty tissue
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2
Q

What are the growth patterns of the brain?

A
  • changes in the brain structure to better support cognitive advances
  • gradual increase in white matter and decrease of grey matter
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3
Q

what are the development in vision and hearing?

A
  • growth of the eustachian tube reduces ear infection
  • myopia occurs in 29% of school-age children
  • both heredity and environment contribute to myopia
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4
Q

what are the changes in nutrition?

A
  • healthy nutrition is still a challenge
  • middle childhood children need to eat more (about double)
  • eat breakfast before school
  • schools play a part in nutrition
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5
Q

what are the changes in sleep patterns and problems?

A
  • 9-11 hours of sleep per day
  • consequences of inadequate sleep: academic performance + risk of overweight/obesity
  • related factors: screens, inactivity, smoke in environment, neighbourhood
  • snoring/fragmented sleep: motor skills and language skills
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6
Q

motor development (fine and gross)

A

fine motor: improvement of existing skills (dressing, washing, eating, etc.) + new skill development ( writing/typing, arts & crafts, musical instruments)

gross motor: improvement overall (balance, coordination, strength), muscles grow, myelination of connections between cerebellum and cortex, reaction time improves

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7
Q

physical fitness facts

A
  • 60 mins of activity per day
  • families can encourage fitness
  • elementary school do not include activity enough
  • more time on schooling/homework/screens
  • 2 hours max of screen time per day
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8
Q

factors about obesity

A
  • tripled since the 80s
  • poor diet and too sedentary
  • consequences: physical (diabetes, asthma, etc.), cognitive (academics), emotional risks (self esteem, rejection, etc.)
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9
Q

dental health

A

tooth decay, 5-6 yo start to lose primary, orthodontist visits

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10
Q

accidents

A

middle childhood are more mobile and independent which can lead to a higher risk of injury than preschool children

common under 20 yo, parents can help

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11
Q

mental health in middle childhood

A

conduct disorders (misconduct), anxiety, depression, COVID impacted children

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