Chapter 15: cognitive development in adolescence Flashcards

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1
Q

what is piaget’s formal operation stage? (3)

A
  • abstract/hypothetical thinking (what might be, think ahead)
  • sophisticated use of symbols (math, metaphors)
  • adolescent egocentrism (imaginary audience, personal fable)
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2
Q

what are cognitive skills? what happens with them? (6)

A

they all reach adult levels
- attention
- memory
- decision making
- impulse control
- language (slang, e-communication)

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3
Q

what is Kohlberg’s theory (development or moral and morality in children)? (3)

A
  • preconventional: obedience, future favors ==> external controls
  • conventional: social approval, law and order ==> following rules
  • postconventional: legalistic, universal ethical principles ==> recognize conflicts between moral standards and judgements
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4
Q

what is Gilligan’s theory: an ethic of care?

A
  • claims Kohlberg’s theory is for men
  • women see morality in terms of caring and avoiding harm, not justice and fairness
  • small gender differences in moral reasoning (girls mature earlier)
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5
Q

school (2)

A
  • transition to high school: motivation and grades, self-esteem, stress
  • achievements: self-efficacy, gender (nurture and nature), technology, parents, peers, ethnicity, school
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6
Q

causes of dropping out of school? (8)

A
  • excessive absence
  • reading below grade level
  • low grades
  • low self-esteem
  • problems with teachers
  • substance abuse
  • oldest in grade
  • boys > girls to drop out
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7
Q

what is Holland’s career typology? (6)

A
  • conventional (analytical, detail oriented)
  • realistic (public, health)
  • investigative (analyze, evaluate)
  • social (education, health educators)
  • artistic (communications, public health)
  • enterprising (policymaker, planner)
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8
Q

adolescents employment (4)

A
  • 31% high school students work
  • less than 10 hours a week
  • pros: responsiblity, discipline, value of money and education, work habits, occupational aspirations
  • cons: lower grades, higher substance use, illegal behaviours, lower self-esteem, higher psychological problems
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