Chapter 6: cognitive development

Question 1

behaviourist approach (learning from experiences)

Answer 1

classical conditioning (stimulus), operant conditioning (reinforcement)

Question 2

psychometric approach (measures quantitative differences in abilities that make up intelligence)

Answer 2

intelligence (goal-oriented, use knowledge), IQ tests

Question 3

piagetian approach (categorization and causality)

Answer 3

schemes, assimilation, accommodation, object permanence, imitation and deferred imitation, symbolic development

Question 4

information processing approach (perception, memory, learning, and problem-solving)

Answer 4

habituation, attention, numbers

Question 5

cognitive neuroscience approach (hardware of the central nervous system ==> brain structure and function)

Answer 5

implicit (nondeclarative) memory - remembering without effort, habits and motor skills, basal ganglia and cerebellum
explicit (declarative) memory - conscious intentional remembering, knowledge and personal experiences, amygdala and hippocampus

Question 6

socio cultural approach (how caregivers transmit cultural information)

Answer 6

child rearing practices
Vygotsky - verbal and non verbal guidance

Question 7

influence of nurture and nature on language

Answer 7

nurture - social cognitive theory, operant conditioning, motherese
nature - sensitive to subtle differences in languages, sensitive period and early deprivation, brain maturation