Chapter 9: Cognitive Development Flashcards
When is the Preoperational Stage in cognitive development according to Piaget?
2 to 6 years old
True or False? Logical and operational thinking is possible between ages 2 and 6.
False
Name and explain the first out of 4 limitations of cognitive development.
Centration
The child focuses solely on one idea
Name and explain the second out of 4 limitations of cognitive development.
Focus on appearance
The child ignores all attributes in which they cannot see
Name and explain the third out of 4 limitations of cognitive development.
Static Reasoning
The child thinks changes are totally sudden
Name and explain the fourth out of 4 limitations of cognitive development.
Irreversibility
Child thinks nothing can be undone, they fail to realize things can be reversed
What is this called?: Belief that natural objects and phenomena’s are alive
Egocentric reasons that may be involved with regional and irrational ideas
Animism
What did Vygotsky say about cognitive development?
It is embedded in social context
Explain apprentice thinking.
It is learning that is stimulated by older and more skilled members
What can mentors do for children?
They can present challenges, offer assistance, add crucial information and encourage motivation
Explain guided participation.
People can learn from others guiding them in experiences
What is ZPD?
Zone of Proximal Development
Skills that a person can exercise only with assistance
What is scaffolding?
It is support that is tailored to ones needs, the goal is to help the learner master the skill
Explain overimitation.
It is the tendency of children from 2 to 6 years old to copy an action that is irrelevant to their learning
Which part of the maturation process is the following?
Development that continues throughout childhood.
Maturation of the brain
Which part of the maturation process is the following?
Enables the young child to conceptualize and express numbers.
Maturation of language
Which part of the maturation process is the following?
Exploration of the world of objects.
Maturation of the child’s curiosity
Which part of the maturation process is the following?
Provided by presents, adults and older children.
Structure and scaffolding
Explain preschoolers memory.
They have poor memory because the corpus collosm is not yet myelinated and the prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped
What is ‘Theory of Mind’?
It is the ability to interpret and remember someone’s thoughts.
Children realize that mental phenomena may not reflect reality.
People can easily be easily fooled.
When do children begin to develop ‘Theory of Mind’?
Around age 4
What strengthens theory of mind?
Age, general language ability and older siblings
When do children understand imagination?
At age 2
What is the mediator between brain potential and comprehension?
Words
