Chapter 10: Emotional Development

Question 1

From what age to what age do children learn emotional development?

Answer 1

2 to 6 years old

Question 2

What is emotional regulation?

Answer 2

The ability to inhibit, maintain and regulate emotional arousal

Question 3

What does it mean to externalize problems?

Answer 3

It is children who bash out uncontrollably and who express their feelings through uncontrollably through physical and verbal outbursts.

Question 4

What does it mean to internalize problems?

Answer 4

It means turning emotional distress inward, who are fearful and withdrawn

Question 5

What are the differences in emotional regulation that have to do with biological sex?

Answer 5

Boys tend to externalize
Girls tend to internalize

Question 6

List one difference in emotional development. 2/4

Answer 6

Early stress

Question 7

List one difference in emotional development. 3/4

Answer 7

Care history

Question 8

List one difference in emotional development. 4/4

Answer 8

Current experiences

Question 9

List 5 goals for emotional regulation.

Answer 9

• Overcome fear
• Modify anger
• Temper pride
• Control selfishness
• overcome impatience

Question 10

Explain initiative vs guilt

Answer 10

Children want to begin and complete tasks to feel proud of their achievements.
Criticizing children will make them feel guilty.
Making the children take initiative is important.

Question 11

What is self esteem?

Answer 11

It is the evaluation of one’s own worth

Question 12

What is self concept?

Answer 12

It is the understanding of who one is, physical and personality traits
It incorporates self esteem

Question 13

What is empathy?

Answer 13

It is understanding emotions and concerns of another person and make them feel better

Question 14

What is “Antisocial actions”?

Answer 14

It is deliberately hurting one, even someone ho has done no harm

Question 15

What is antipathy?

Answer 15

It is hating or disliking someone

Question 16

What are playmates?

Answer 16

People of the same age and social status
They provide practice in emotional regulation, empathy and social understanding
Children favourite playmates over parents

Question 17

What is solitary play?

Answer 17

When a child plays alone, and is unaware of any other children playing around

Question 18

What is onlooker play?

Answer 18

A child who watched other children play

Question 19

What is parallel play?

Answer 19

Children who play with similar toys un similar ways but not together

Question 20

What is associative play?

Answer 20

It is children who interact, observing each other and sharing material
They do not want to play together and don’t mind not cooperating

Question 21

What is cooperative play?

Answer 21

Children who play together and take turns

Question 22

What are three variants of play?

Answer 22

Culture, age and gender

Question 23

What is active play?

Answer 23

It is rough and tumble play
It mimics aggression but no harm is intended
It is expression but they’re just pretending
It advances social understanding

Question 24

What is sociodramatic play?

Answer 24

It is acting various roles and taking on identities

Question 25

Sociodramtic play enables;

Answer 25

Children to explore and rehearse social roles Children to regulate emotions Children develop a sense of self concept Children create gender related play themes

Question 26

Explain aggression.

Answer 26

It is a form of antisocial behaviour that starts with inadequate emotional regulation during early childhood and can be serious as time goes by

Question 27

Explain the first type of agression. 1/4

Answer 27

Instrumental aggression (is used to obtain and retain something like a toy or other objects)

Question 28

Explain the first type of agression. 2/4

Answer 28

Reactive aggression (is angry retaliation for an intentional/accidental act)

Question 29

Explain the first type of agression. 3/4

Answer 29

Relational aggression (is children who tease and taunt others)

Question 30

Explain the first type of agression. 4/4

Answer 30

Bullying aggression (is children who exhibit unprovoked physical or verbal attacks)

Question 31

What are the three aspects of the differences between males and females?

Answer 31

Organs, hormones and body shape

Question 32

What do children know about gender when they are 2?

Answer 32

They know that they are boys and girls and They know how to identify Mr. and Mrs.

Question 33

What do children know about gender differences at age 3?

Answer 33

They know that male and female are lifelong distinctions

Question 34

What do children know about gender differences at age 4?

Answer 34

They know that certain toys and roles are attributed to one gender rather than the other

Question 35

Explain the psychoanalytic theory.

Answer 35

There is the phallic stage, where the penis becomes the main focus of concern and pleasure. Then, the oedipus stage, where young boys want to be their fathers and young girls want to be their mothers.

Question 36

What are the gender differences in behaviourism?

Answer 36

Roles are learned, reinforcers and punishers play a role and we learn through that

Question 37

True or False: Behaviourism sees development in stages.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

What did Diana Bowmrind say about parenting?

Answer 38

That parents should not be aloof or punitive, and that it is healthy to show affection

Question 39

Explain ‘Authoritarian’ parenting.

Answer 39

It is very strict parenting, they expect unquestioned obedience and have no interest in showing emotion with their children. They punish their children physically and are not nurturing at all.

Question 40

How are children who have authoritarian parents?

Answer 40

They are socially incompetent, unhappy, fearful, anxious, withdrawn, obedient and weak

Question 41

Explain ‘Authoritative’ parenting. (Best style)

Answer 41

The standards are high but realistic, they enforce rules and set limits, they listen to the children’s feeling and requests, there is open communication, they encourage independence and demand maturity from the children

Question 42

How are children with authoritative parents?

Answer 42

They are successful, articulate, intelligent, happy, independent and generous

Question 43

Explain ‘Permissive’ parenting.

Answer 43

These parents have few rules and demands, the discipline is nonchalant and anything goes with them

Question 44

How are children with permissive parents?

Answer 44

They are unhappy, immature, impulsive, dependant and often gravitate towards drugs

Question 45

Explain neglectful parenting.

Answer 45

It is parents who don’t care about their child and their whereabouts. Children are usually socially incompetent, lack self control, immature and are delinquents

Question 46

Explain indulgent parenting.

Answer 46

Parents who accommodate their child’s every whim

Question 47

Explain helicopter parenting.

Answer 47

It is intrusive parents, who are in their child’s space