Chapter 13: Moral Development Flashcards
Explain preconvential moral reasoning
It emphasized rewards and avoids punishment
At what age is preconventional reasoning implemented?
7 to 8 years old
Explain Stage 1: Might makes Right of Preconventional Reasoning.
It is the obedience to authority to avoid punishment and advance self interest
Explain Stage 2: Look out for Number 1 of Preconventional Reasoning.
Taking care of one’s needs and being nice to others so they can be nice to you
Explain Stage 3: Good Girl and Nice Boy of Conventional Moral Reasoning.
It is doing behaviour to please other people, child is moral to receive praise form others
Explain Stage 4: Law and Order of Conventional Moral Reasoning.
It is performing good behaviour to be a dutiful citizen and obey the laws of society
Explain Stage 5: Social Contract of Post Conventional Moral Reasoning.
It is formal operational thinking.
Obeying rules of society because they exist to benefit everybody.
Explain Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles of Postconventional Moral Reasoning.
Determining right and wrong and figuring out ethical values
What age are children in the preconventional stage?
7 to 8 years old
What age are children in the conventional stage?
9-11 years old
True or false? Children can achieve Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles.
False
What is the pro of Kohlberg’s Moral Development?
Child can use their intellectual abilities to justify if their moral actions are girth or wrong.
What are 2 cons of Kohlberg’s Moral Development?
- Culture and gender are ignored
- Differeces between child and adult morality is not addressed
What are neglected children?
No classmate picks them as friends, but nobody avoids them
What is aggressive rejected?
Children who are disliked because of antagonistic, confrontational behaviour
What is withdrawn rejected?
Children are disliked because of their timid/anxious behaviour
What do aggressive rejected and withdrawn rejected children have in common?
They both struggle with emotional regulation because of their home lives. They also misinterpret peoples words and behaviours.
What is bullying?
Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm though physical, verbal or social attack to a weaker person.
Name and explain the 4 types of bullying.
- Physical: Hutting, punching or kicking
- Verbal: Teasing or name calling
- Relational: Spreading rumours, exclusion
- Cyberbullying: Electronically
What do you know about most bully victims?
It is someone who attacks and is attacked, they are a proactive victim because they provoke the bully.
What do you know about bullies?
Most bullies are rejected and find it cool to bully, they have few real friends and pick on rejected children.
Are bullies proud or have low self esteem?
One or the other
Boy Bullies
Boys bully more than girls, they tend to use physical force by targeting smaller weaker boys
Girl Bullies
Sharp tongued, they harass shyer, more soft spoken girls. They mock, ridicule and spread rumours
What are some causes of bullying?
No emotional regulation, Insecure attachment, Stressful home life, Inaffective discipline, Hostile siblings, etc..
What to 6 - 11 year old value most?
Pro Social Skills
- Caring for family members, cooperating and not intentionally hurting
Explain Industry vs Inferiority.
It is the battle between productivity and incompetence, the children are developing a sense of self.
How old are children experiencing Industry vs Inferiority?
6 - 12 years
Children in elementary school are in Freud’s Latency Stage. What is this?
The sexual conflicts are stopped and that energy is being put into social concerns
Explain shared and non shared environments.
The influence of shared environments decreases with age
The influence of non shared environments increases with age
True or False? Children raised in the same household have the same home environment.
False
Which two factors influence changes in family life?
Age and gender
Why can children’s self esteem drop in school?
Comparison
What is the most influential group for children’s development of their self concept?
Peer group
What can peer rejection cause?
Later on problems
Who are rules and behaviours passed down from in child culture?
Older children
Friendships are…
More intense and intimate as cognitive advances
Best friends are…
Important
Explain the relation between older children and their friends.
Older children demand more form their friends, their friends less change less but they are more upset at friendships ending
Explain Family Structure
Legal and genetic relationships among relatives living in the same home.
Explain Family Function
The way the family woks to make ends meet, providing basic materials
What are 5 concepts of family function in middle childhood?
Physical needs
Encouraging learning
Developing self esteem and self respect
Nurturing peer friendships
Providing harmony and stability
Explain Nuclear Families.
Consists of a father, mother and biological children.
Wealthy, well educated, healthy
Function best
Explain Single Parent Families.
One parent and children under the age of 18
Children fare worse in school and adult life
Low income and unstable
Move often and ad new adults
Explain Extended Families.
Parents, their children and other relatives living in one household
Less costly and common in low-income families
Explain Polygamous Families.
One man, several wives and biological children
True or False? Structure of the family is more important than function of the family.
False
Explain Adoptive/Foster Parent Families.
Typically function well
Vary in ability to meet children’s needs
Explain Stepparent Families.
Some function well, positive relationships are easily formed with young children
Parental alliance is more difficult to form
Same-Sex Couples
Generally children develop well
Explain Grand Parent Families.
Lower incomes and more health problems
Less stability
Explain Divorce in the U.S.
Highest rate of divorced in the world
Highest rate of marriage and remarriage in the world
The U.S idealizes marriage and kids
What are the consequences of divorce?
Impairs children’s academic achievement and psychological development.
There is a lack of instability and a lot of changes for children.
