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Child Development 2 > Chapter 13: Moral Development > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Moral Development Flashcards

1
Q

Explain preconvential moral reasoning

A

It emphasized rewards and avoids punishment

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2
Q

At what age is preconventional reasoning implemented?

A

7 to 8 years old

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3
Q

Explain Stage 1: Might makes Right of Preconventional Reasoning.

A

It is the obedience to authority to avoid punishment and advance self interest

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4
Q

Explain Stage 2: Look out for Number 1 of Preconventional Reasoning.

A

Taking care of one’s needs and being nice to others so they can be nice to you

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5
Q

Explain Stage 3: Good Girl and Nice Boy of Conventional Moral Reasoning.

A

It is doing behaviour to please other people, child is moral to receive praise form others

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6
Q

Explain Stage 4: Law and Order of Conventional Moral Reasoning.

A

It is performing good behaviour to be a dutiful citizen and obey the laws of society

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7
Q

Explain Stage 5: Social Contract of Post Conventional Moral Reasoning.

A

It is formal operational thinking.
Obeying rules of society because they exist to benefit everybody.

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8
Q

Explain Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles of Postconventional Moral Reasoning.

A

Determining right and wrong and figuring out ethical values

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9
Q

What age are children in the preconventional stage?

A

7 to 8 years old

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10
Q

What age are children in the conventional stage?

A

9-11 years old

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11
Q

True or false? Children can achieve Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles.

A

False

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12
Q

What is the pro of Kohlberg’s Moral Development?

A

Child can use their intellectual abilities to justify if their moral actions are girth or wrong.

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13
Q

What are 2 cons of Kohlberg’s Moral Development?

A
  1. Culture and gender are ignored
  2. Differeces between child and adult morality is not addressed
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14
Q

What are neglected children?

A

No classmate picks them as friends, but nobody avoids them

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15
Q

What is aggressive rejected?

A

Children who are disliked because of antagonistic, confrontational behaviour

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16
Q

What is withdrawn rejected?

A

Children are disliked because of their timid/anxious behaviour

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17
Q

What do aggressive rejected and withdrawn rejected children have in common?

A

They both struggle with emotional regulation because of their home lives. They also misinterpret peoples words and behaviours.

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18
Q

What is bullying?

A

Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm though physical, verbal or social attack to a weaker person.

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19
Q

Name and explain the 4 types of bullying.

A
  1. Physical: Hutting, punching or kicking
  2. Verbal: Teasing or name calling
  3. Relational: Spreading rumours, exclusion
  4. Cyberbullying: Electronically
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20
Q

What do you know about most bully victims?

A

It is someone who attacks and is attacked, they are a proactive victim because they provoke the bully.

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21
Q

What do you know about bullies?

A

Most bullies are rejected and find it cool to bully, they have few real friends and pick on rejected children.

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22
Q

Are bullies proud or have low self esteem?

A

One or the other

23
Q

Boy Bullies

A

Boys bully more than girls, they tend to use physical force by targeting smaller weaker boys

24
Q

Girl Bullies

A

Sharp tongued, they harass shyer, more soft spoken girls. They mock, ridicule and spread rumours

25
Q

What are some causes of bullying?

A

No emotional regulation, Insecure attachment, Stressful home life, Inaffective discipline, Hostile siblings, etc..

26
Q

What to 6 - 11 year old value most?

A

Pro Social Skills
- Caring for family members, cooperating and not intentionally hurting

27
Q

Explain Industry vs Inferiority.

A

It is the battle between productivity and incompetence, the children are developing a sense of self.

28
Q

How old are children experiencing Industry vs Inferiority?

A

6 - 12 years

29
Q

Children in elementary school are in Freud’s Latency Stage. What is this?

A

The sexual conflicts are stopped and that energy is being put into social concerns

30
Q

Explain shared and non shared environments.

A

The influence of shared environments decreases with age
The influence of non shared environments increases with age

31
Q

True or False? Children raised in the same household have the same home environment.

A

False

32
Q

Which two factors influence changes in family life?

A

Age and gender

33
Q

Why can children’s self esteem drop in school?

A

Comparison

34
Q

What is the most influential group for children’s development of their self concept?

A

Peer group

35
Q

What can peer rejection cause?

A

Later on problems

36
Q

Who are rules and behaviours passed down from in child culture?

A

Older children

37
Q

Friendships are…

A

More intense and intimate as cognitive advances

38
Q

Best friends are…

A

Important

39
Q

Explain the relation between older children and their friends.

A

Older children demand more form their friends, their friends less change less but they are more upset at friendships ending

40
Q

Explain Family Structure

A

Legal and genetic relationships among relatives living in the same home.

41
Q

Explain Family Function

A

The way the family woks to make ends meet, providing basic materials

42
Q

What are 5 concepts of family function in middle childhood?

A

Physical needs
Encouraging learning
Developing self esteem and self respect
Nurturing peer friendships
Providing harmony and stability

43
Q

Explain Nuclear Families.

A

Consists of a father, mother and biological children.
Wealthy, well educated, healthy
Function best

44
Q

Explain Single Parent Families.

A

One parent and children under the age of 18
Children fare worse in school and adult life
Low income and unstable
Move often and ad new adults

45
Q

Explain Extended Families.

A

Parents, their children and other relatives living in one household
Less costly and common in low-income families

46
Q

Explain Polygamous Families.

A

One man, several wives and biological children

47
Q

True or False? Structure of the family is more important than function of the family.

A

False

48
Q

Explain Adoptive/Foster Parent Families.

A

Typically function well
Vary in ability to meet children’s needs

49
Q

Explain Stepparent Families.

A

Some function well, positive relationships are easily formed with young children
Parental alliance is more difficult to form

50
Q

Same-Sex Couples

A

Generally children develop well

51
Q

Explain Grand Parent Families.

A

Lower incomes and more health problems
Less stability

52
Q

Explain Divorce in the U.S.

A

Highest rate of divorced in the world
Highest rate of marriage and remarriage in the world
The U.S idealizes marriage and kids

53
Q

What are the consequences of divorce?

A

Impairs children’s academic achievement and psychological development.
There is a lack of instability and a lot of changes for children.

Child Development 2 (8 decks)

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