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Child Development 2 > Chapter 13: Moral Development > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Moral Development Flashcards

1
Q

Explain preconvential moral reasoning

A

It emphasized rewards and avoids punishment

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2
Q

At what age is preconventional reasoning implemented?

A

7 to 8 years old

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3
Q

Explain Stage 1: Might makes Right of Preconventional Reasoning.

A

It is the obedience to authority to avoid punishment and advance self interest

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4
Q

Explain Stage 2: Look out for Number 1 of Preconventional Reasoning.

A

Taking care of one’s needs and being nice to others so they can be nice to you

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5
Q

Explain Stage 3: Good Girl and Nice Boy of Conventional Moral Reasoning.

A

It is doing behaviour to please other people, child is moral to receive praise form others

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6
Q

Explain Stage 4: Law and Order of Conventional Moral Reasoning.

A

It is performing good behaviour to be a dutiful citizen and obey the laws of society

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7
Q

Explain Stage 5: Social Contract of Post Conventional Moral Reasoning.

A

It is formal operational thinking.
Obeying rules of society because they exist to benefit everybody.

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8
Q

Explain Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles of Postconventional Moral Reasoning.

A

Determining right and wrong and figuring out ethical values

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9
Q

What age are children in the preconventional stage?

A

7 to 8 years old

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10
Q

What age are children in the conventional stage?

A

9-11 years old

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11
Q

True or false? Children can achieve Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles.

A

False

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12
Q

What is the pro of Kohlberg’s Moral Development?

A

Child can use their intellectual abilities to justify if their moral actions are girth or wrong.

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13
Q

What are 2 cons of Kohlberg’s Moral Development?

A
  1. Culture and gender are ignored
  2. Differeces between child and adult morality is not addressed
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14
Q

What are neglected children?

A

No classmate picks them as friends, but nobody avoids them

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15
Q

What is aggressive rejected?

A

Children who are disliked because of antagonistic, confrontational behaviour

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16
Q

What is withdrawn rejected?

A

Children are disliked because of their timid/anxious behaviour

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17
Q

What do aggressive rejected and withdrawn rejected children have in common?

A

They both struggle with emotional regulation because of their home lives. They also misinterpret peoples words and behaviours.

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18
Q

What is bullying?

A

Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm though physical, verbal or social attack to a weaker person.

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19
Q

Name and explain the 4 types of bullying.

A
  1. Physical: Hutting, punching or kicking
  2. Verbal: Teasing or name calling
  3. Relational: Spreading rumours, exclusion
  4. Cyberbullying: Electronically
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20
Q

What do you know about most bully victims?

A

It is someone who attacks and is attacked, they are a proactive victim because they provoke the bully.

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21
Q

What do you know about bullies?

A

Most bullies are rejected and find it cool to bully, they have few real friends and pick on rejected children.

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22
Q

Are bullies proud or have low self esteem?

A

One or the other

23
Q

Boy Bullies

A

Boys bully more than girls, they tend to use physical force by targeting smaller weaker boys

24
Q

Girl Bullies

A

Sharp tongued, they harass shyer, more soft spoken girls. They mock, ridicule and spread rumours

25
What are some causes of bullying?
No emotional regulation, Insecure attachment, Stressful home life, Inaffective discipline, Hostile siblings, etc..
26
What to 6 - 11 year old value most?
Pro Social Skills - Caring for family members, cooperating and not intentionally hurting
27
Explain Industry vs Inferiority.
It is the battle between productivity and incompetence, the children are developing a sense of self.
28
How old are children experiencing Industry vs Inferiority?
6 - 12 years
29
Children in elementary school are in Freud’s Latency Stage. What is this?
The sexual conflicts are stopped and that energy is being put into social concerns
30
Explain shared and non shared environments.
The influence of shared environments decreases with age The influence of non shared environments increases with age
31
True or False? Children raised in the same household have the same home environment.
False
32
Which two factors influence changes in family life?
Age and gender
33
Why can children’s self esteem drop in school?
Comparison
34
What is the most influential group for children’s development of their self concept?
Peer group
35
What can peer rejection cause?
Later on problems
36
Who are rules and behaviours passed down from in child culture?
Older children
37
Friendships are…
More intense and intimate as cognitive advances
38
Best friends are…
Important
39
Explain the relation between older children and their friends.
Older children demand more form their friends, their friends less change less but they are more upset at friendships ending
40
Explain Family Structure
Legal and genetic relationships among relatives living in the same home.
41
Explain Family Function
The way the family woks to make ends meet, providing basic materials
42
What are 5 concepts of family function in middle childhood?
Physical needs Encouraging learning Developing self esteem and self respect Nurturing peer friendships Providing harmony and stability
43
Explain Nuclear Families.
Consists of a father, mother and biological children. Wealthy, well educated, healthy Function best
44
Explain Single Parent Families.
One parent and children under the age of 18 Children fare worse in school and adult life Low income and unstable Move often and ad new adults
45
Explain Extended Families.
Parents, their children and other relatives living in one household Less costly and common in low-income families
46
Explain Polygamous Families.
One man, several wives and biological children
47
True or False? Structure of the family is more important than function of the family.
False
48
Explain Adoptive/Foster Parent Families.
Typically function well Vary in ability to meet children’s needs
49
Explain Stepparent Families.
Some function well, positive relationships are easily formed with young children Parental alliance is more difficult to form
50
Same-Sex Couples
Generally children develop well
51
Explain Grand Parent Families.
Lower incomes and more health problems Less stability
52
Explain Divorce in the U.S.
Highest rate of divorced in the world Highest rate of marriage and remarriage in the world The U.S idealizes marriage and kids
53
What are the consequences of divorce?
Impairs children’s academic achievement and psychological development. There is a lack of instability and a lot of changes for children.

Child Development 2 (8 decks)

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