Chapter 8: Body Changes Flashcards
What changes as the lower body of a child lengthens?
Child becomes slimmer
How many inches do children grow every year from 2 to 6?
3 inches
How much weight do children gain every year from 2 to 6?
4.5 lbs
What eating problem is more frequent than malnutrition?
Obesity
Which children are more vulnerable to obesity?
Children a part of low income families
Which diseases are a result of over feeding?
Heart disease
Diabetes
What is a good way to get a victory for implementing dietary changes with children?
Implementing exercise, and making the parents join
What does a family’s income have an impact on?
The child’s body fat
What percentage of the adult brain is already developed in a 2 year old?
75%
What percentage of the adult brain is already developed in a 6 year old?
90%
Explain ‘Myelin’
Fatty coating on the axons of the brain that sends signals between neurons
What causes ‘Speed of Thought’?
Myelination
What is the ‘Corpus Collosum” ?
Long, thick band of nerves that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain
What does the corpus collosum allow?
Communication between both sides of the brain
What is ‘Lateralization’?
Specialization in certain functions of each side of the brain
Which side of the brain controls the right side of the body?
The left side
Which side of the brain controls the left side of the body?
The right side
In what area are the neurological increases notable between ages 2 and 6?
In planning, thinking, social awareness and language
Before he maturation of the prefrontal cortex, what do the children have most difficulty with?
Staying on one task and focusing on
What are 3 benefits of the maturation of the prefrontal cortex?
- Sleep becomes regular
- Temper tantrums get regulated
- Uncontrollable laughter and tears are less common
What are gross motor skills?
Skills the children develop in which they need to use their body.
For example; jumping, running, throwing and catching, etc..
What can children do at the age of 6 that they can’t in the two previous years?
Sit in place, scan, skip, gallop, draw and write with one hand, accurately copy shapes, listen and think before talking, and control their emotions
How can children from ages 2 to 6 move?
With grace and speed
After what age does activity level decline?
Age 2
True or False? Girls are more active than boys
False
Do girls or boys brain’s mature younger?
Girls
What are fine motor skills?
Actions that include small body movements
For example, picking up pencils, drawing, etc..
What is the CNS?
Central Nervous System
Name 3 things that are not yet developed because the CNS is not matured.
- Judgment
- Patience
- Control
Motivation and guided practice makes what possible?
Fine and gross motor skills
When do forms of artistic expression blossom?
During early childhood
True or False? Creative drawing correlates closely with adult encouragement, child practice and technical skills.
True
What is something that influences artistic expression?
Cultural context
What do more young children die from compared to other causes?
Accidents
2 to 6 year olds where are a greater risk?
In the U.S
After 40, what is the main cause of death?
Disease
During teenage years, what is the main cause of death?
Car accidents
How can we control injury?
Safety surfaces, Car seats, Helmets, Safety containers, Pool monitoring and Teaching kids to swim
The goal is to change the situation
