Chapter 9 - Circulatory system

Question 1

What is the function of the red blood cells ?

Answer 1

to carry oxygen around the body

Question 2

How are red blood cells adap[ted for their function ?

Answer 2

• biconcave shape

- have no nucleus

Question 3

What is the function of the white blood cells ?

Answer 3

they are important for defence against disease

Question 4

What re the two types of WBC ?

Answer 4

Phagocytes and lymphocytes

Question 5

What is the purpose of the platelets ?

Answer 5

They convert fibrogen to fibrin, the fibrin the =n helps to clot the blood.

Question 6

What is the function of the plasma ?

Answer 6

liquid part of the blood. Transports cells, food molecules, carbon dioxide, hormones and urea around the body

Question 7

What happens if a red blood cell is placed into water ?

Answer 7

It will take up the water due to osmosis and it will burst in a process called cell lysis

Question 8

Describe areteries

Answer 8

• blood flows away from the heart
• thick walls
• high blood pressure
• has no valves
• small lumen

Question 9

Describe veins

Answer 9

• blood flows back to the heart
• relatively thin walls
• low blood pressure
• does have valves
• large lumen

Question 10

Describe capillaries

Answer 10

• blood flows from the arteries to the veins
• one cell thick
• low blood pressure
• doesn’t have valves

Question 11

What are the purpose of valves ?

Answer 11

To keep the flow of blood going in the same direction (unidirectional) and to prevent backflow

Question 12

What is the pulmonary vein ?

Answer 12

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the ehart

Question 13

What is the aorta ?

Answer 13

carries oxygenated blood from the heart around the body

Question 14

What is the vena cava ?

Answer 14

carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart

Question 15

What is the pulmonary artery ?

Answer 15

carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 16

What is the hepatic artery ?

Answer 16

carries oxygen and glucose to the liver

Question 17

What is the hepatic portal vein ?

Answer 17

carries digested food from the small intestine to the liver

Question 18

What is the hepatic vein ?

Answer 18

carries glucose and amino acids from the liver around the body.

Question 19

What is the renal artery ?

Answer 19

Carries blood rich in urea to the kidneys for excretion

Question 20

What is the renal vein ?

Answer 20

Carries purified blood from the kidney to the vena cava

Question 21

What does double circulation mean ?

Answer 21

one circulation system to and from the lungs and one circulation system from the heart to the body

Question 22

Describe the movement of blood during double circulation

Answer 22

Blood moves from the RV to the lungs the picks up oxygen. The oxygenated blood then moves to the LA to the LV where it is pumped around the body. Where it is again deoxygenated and pumped back to the RA

Question 23

How does exercise affect someone heart rate ?

Answer 23

When doing vigorous exercise their pulse rate will go up

Question 24

Why does our heart rate rise when we exercise ?

Answer 24

Because when we exercise we contract our muscles more vigorously. So more energy is needed so therefore more oxygen is needed at each muscle for respiration to occur. Also to supply the muscles with glucose.

Question 25

What affects does exercise have on your heart ?

Answer 25

It strengthens your heart muscle and temporarily increases your blood pressure

Question 26

What does the right atrium do ?

Answer 26

receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Question 27

What does the right ventricle do ?

Answer 27

pumps blood to the lungs

Question 28

What does the left atrium do ?

Answer 28

recives blood from the lungs

Question 29

What does the left ventricle do ?

Answer 29

pumps blood around the body (has very muscular walls)

Question 30

Is there valves in the heart ?

Answer 30

Yes to prevent backflow