Chapter 11 - Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the male reproductive system ?

A

To produce and deliver the sperm into the female reproductive system

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2
Q

What does the urethra do ?

A

tube through which the sperm leave the penis

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3
Q

What does the penis do ?

A

organ that introduces sperm into the vagina

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4
Q

What does the scrotum do ?

A

sac that holds the testes at slightly lower than body temp

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5
Q

What does the prostate gland do ?

A

adds fluid to nourish the sperm

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6
Q

What does the sperm tube to ?

A

carries the sperm from the testes to the urethra

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7
Q

What do the testes do ?

A

produce sperm

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8
Q

What does the cervix do ?

A

the opening of the uterus, widens during birth

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9
Q

What does the vagina do ?

A

the penis places sperm here

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10
Q

What does the oviduct do ?

A

carries the eggs to the uterus, fertilisation takes place here

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11
Q

What does the uterus do ?

A

will nourish the developing foetus

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12
Q

How are sperm cells adapted to their function ?

A
  • They have a flagellum for swimming
  • They are haploid
  • have mitochondria for energy production
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13
Q

By what process are sperm cells formed ?

A

Meisos

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14
Q

Where does fertilisation take place and what happens ?

A

Oviducts, the haploid sperm and egg fuse to give a diploid zygote

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15
Q

How does the zygote divide and where does it travel to ?

A

It divides by mitosis and it travels to the uterus

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16
Q

What happens the embryo implants itself into the uterus ?

A

It differentiates to produce a variety of tissues and organs

17
Q

How is the placenta adapted for diffusion ?

A
  • It has a large surface area

- small villi increase the SA

18
Q

What does the umbilical artery carry ?

A

CO2 and other wastes back to the mother

19
Q

What does the umbilical vein carry ?

A

oxygen, glucose , amino acids and other nutrients to the foetus

20
Q

What is the purpose of the amnion and the amniotic fluid ?

A

To cushion and protect the foetus

21
Q

What is the male sex hormone and where is it produced ?

A

Testosterone and in the testes

22
Q

What is the female sex hormone and where is it produced ?

A

oestrogen and in the ovaries

23
Q

Name 3 secondary sexual characteristics in men :

A
  • sexual organs enlarge
  • body becomes more muscular
  • voice deepens
24
Q

Name 3 secondary sexual characteristics in women :

A
  • hips widen
  • menstruation begins
  • breasts develop
25
Q

When and what happens during menstruation ?

A

Days 1-5, blood flows out the vagina as the wall of the uterus breaks up

26
Q

When and what happens during ovulation ?

A

Days 13-15, an egg is released from the ovary (This is the time when fertilisation is most likely to occur)

27
Q

How does oestrogen affect the menstrual cycle ?

A
  • Day 1 its low

- Day 13-15 its high, this causes ovulation

28
Q

How does progesterone affect the menstrual cycle ?

A
  • low during menstruation
  • peaks the days after ovulation

it’s role is to build up a thick uterine lining

29
Q

Name three causes of infertility

A
  • failure of ovaries to produce eggs
  • complications due to STI’s
  • impotence in males
30
Q

Explain IVF

A
  • women are given hormones to produce multiple eggs
  • the eggs are collected and added to sperm
  • after fertilisation they are placed back into the mothers uterus
31
Q

Why are several embryos placed into the uterus during IVF ?

A

To ensure a balance between ensuring a successful pregnancy and avoiding multiple births

32
Q

Name two types of mechanical contraception

A
  • Male and female condom

theyre unrelibale if used incorrectly

33
Q

Name two types of chemical contraception

A
  • contraceptive pill (very reliable)

- implants (works for up to 3 years)

34
Q

Name two types of surgical contraception

A
  • vasectomy
  • female sterilisation

both virtually 100% relibable