Chapter 5 - respiration

Question 1

What is the purpose of respiration ?

Answer 1

to release energy

Question 2

Is respiration endo/exothermic ?

Answer 2

exothermic

Question 3

Where does respiration take place ?

Answer 3

The mitochondria which are found in the cell’s cytoplasm.

Question 4

What’s the equation for aerobic respiration ?

Answer 4

glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 5

What is the respiration known as when not enough oxygen is present ?

Answer 5

anaerobic respiration.

Question 6

When does anaerobic respiration occur ?

Answer 6

during strenuous exercise

Question 7

What is the negative by-product of anaerobic respiration ?

Answer 7

Lactic acid in the muscles which leads to muscle soreness.

Question 8

What’s the equation for anaerobic respiration ?

Answer 8

glucose —–> lactic acid + energy

Question 9

Give the equation for anaerobic respiration by yeast.

Answer 9

glucose —-> alcohol + carbon dioxide + energy

Question 10

How would you demonstrate anaerobic respiration in yeast ?

Answer 10

• a solution of glucose is boiled
• yeast is added after solution cools
• place a bung and delivery tube over the solution
• place the end of the delivery tube into limewater
• the limewater will go milky showing CO2 is produced
• the original solution will get slightly warmer

Question 11

Where in the body is the respiratory system found ?

Answer 11

Inside the thorax

Question 12

What is the respiratory system surrounded by ?

Answer 12

The intercostal muscles and ribs

Question 13

What is the diaphragm ?

Answer 13

A muscular sheet that aids respiration

Question 14

Where does air enter the body ?

Answer 14

In the nasal cavity, where it is warmed and filtered before being passed on into the lungs.`

Question 15

Where does gas exchange occur in humans ?

Answer 15

The alveoli.

Question 16

How are respiratory surfaces adapted to their function ?

Answer 16

• large surface area
• thin walls with short diffusion distances
• moist walls
• permeable surfaces
• a good blood supply
• a diffusion gradient

Question 17

What are the main respiratory surfaces in plants ?

Answer 17

Spongy mesophyll cells

Question 18

What happens when the rubber sheet in a lung model is pulled down ?

Answer 18

The volume inside the jar increases.
This causes the pressure inside the jar to decrease
This causes air to enter the lungs until the pressure inside and outside the jar are equal.

Question 19

What is the purpose of pleural membranes ?

Answer 19

They line the inside of the chest wall and the outside of the lungs. Their role is to reduce friction during breathing.

Question 20

What is the space between the pleural membranes called, and what liquid is found inside?

Answer 20

The pleural cavity and pleural fluid.