Chapter 3 -Food and energy Flashcards
What is obesity, and how is it caused ?
Being very overweight, taking in too much energy.
How are heart disease and strokes caused ?
The build-up if fatty deposits (cholesterol) in the walls of the arteries.
How is diabetes (Type 2) caused ?
By poor diet or obesity leading to the body being unable to effectively control blood sugar levels.
What are the three groups of biological molecules ?
Fat, carbohydrate and proteins.
What elements do all biological molecules contain ?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. (proteins also contain nitrogen)
Give to examples of sugars
glucose and lactose
Give three examples of complex carbohydrates.
cellulose, glycogen and starch
How are complex carbohydrates formed ?
Long chains of sugars joined together.
What is starch broken down into during digestion ?
Glucose
How do we store carbohydrates in our body ?
We store them as glycogen which can be broken down into glucose when our sugar reserves are low.
Explain how cellulose is important in our diets.
Cellulose cannot be digested by humans but is important in our diets as fibre. This adds bulk to our food an helps the intestine wall to push food along.
How are proteins made up and what do they consist of?
Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that can from in different sequences to create many different proteins.
What happens during digestion to proteins ?
The amino acids are absorbed into the blood, and in our body cells are reassembled into the different proteins the body needs.
Give three examples of different proteins.
enzymes, haemoglobin, antibodies
What is the other term for fats
lipids
