Chapter 9- Chemistry

Question 1

Solvation

Answer 1

The electrostatic interaction between solute and solvent molecules

Question 2

An ideal solution

Answer 2

A solution with no enthalpy change in formation of the solution.

Question 3

Solubility

Answer 3

The maximum amount of substance that can be dissolved in a particular solvent

Question 4

Sparingly soluble salts

Answer 4

Solutes that dissolve with a molar solubility under 0.1 M

Question 5

Two key solubility rules

Answer 5

All salts of group 1 metals are soluble

All nitrate salts are soluble (NO3)

Question 6

Complex ions

Answer 6

A molecule in which a cat ion is bonded to at least one electron pair donor , called ligand

Question 7

Chelation

Answer 7

Uses large organic ligands that can form multiple bonds with a central ion

Question 8

Molarity versus molality

Answer 8

M =moles/Liters total solution

m = moles/Kg solvent

Question 9

Normality (N)

Answer 9

The number of equivalence of interest per liter of solution

NaCl with m=12 =>N=24

Question 10

Solubility product constant(Ksp)

Answer 10

Ksp= [Na][Cl]

Question 11

Ion product

Answer 11

Analogous to the reaction quotient, the current concentrations of solute as applied to the solubility product constant.

Question 12

Stability constant (Kf)

Answer 12

Used went to aqueous solutions are used to form the product in solution Kf=[product]/[aq][aq]

Question 13

Common ion affect

Answer 13

Ions already in solution will prevent the dissolution of a solute

Question 14

Raoults law

Answer 14

Vapor pressure is decreased with increased amount of solute in a solution
Pnew=X(mole fraction)Poriginal

Question 15

Solution boiling point elevation

Answer 15

Change in temperature = i Kb m

Question 16

Freezing point depression of solution

Answer 16

Change in temperature = i Kf m

Question 17

Osmotic pressure

Answer 17

Pressure= i M R T