Chapter 6 - equilibrium Flashcards
Dynamic equilibrium
Forward and reverse reactions are still occurring, but cancel each other out
Static equilibrium
A reaction has been completed and stops in both directions
Entropy
The distribution of energy throughout a system
Law of mass action equilibrium equation
Keq = ([C][D])/([A][B])
Equilibrium constant
Keq for aqueous solutions
Kp for gases with pressure
All reaction Constants for the Forward direction and reverse direction are multiplied with the respected terms, and then forward is divided by reverse
Reaction quotient, Q
Calculation of KEQ, but with the current concentration of reactants. This value can be compared to the KEQ, to determine which direction the reaction must proceed.
Q relationships
QKeq
The forward reaction has not yet reached equilibrium.
The reaction is in dynamic equilibrium.
The forward reaction has exceeded equilibrium
Properties of the law of mass action
1-equilibrium expression is based on the activities of compounds not the concentrations.
2-K equivalent is temperature dependent.
3-larger K equivalents shift the equilibrium further to the right
4-The equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction is (one/K equivalent)
Concentration change of K equivalent
If the concentration of products or reactants are changed, the reaction will adjust to counteract that change. Example: concentration of reactants is decreased when an equilibrium, The reaction will shift towards the reactants to reestablish equilibrium
Can you Quillivant changes in pressure
Dealing with gaseous species,The reaction will shift towards the side with the fewer number of moles of gas.
K equivalent changes in temperature
Decreases in temperature will shift the reaction towards the products it’s an exothermic reaction, and the op. cit. for an endothermic reaction
Kinetic products
Formed by particle collision, occurring at low temperatures. Typically an increase in energy, and very unstable
Fast
Thermodynamic products
Products formed with a large heat transfer. Forms more stable products as the product energy level is lower than the reactant energy level.
Long step
