Chapter 3- Bonds

Question 1

Chemical bonds

Answer 1

Formed by interaction of the valence electrons

Question 2

Octet rule

Answer 2

Many exceptions, but rule of thumb it states that most atoms want 8 electrons in the outer most shell

Question 3

Octet rule exceptions

Answer 3

Incomplete octet, elements that are stable with fewer than eight electrons.
Expanded octet, any element in period Three in greater has more than eight electrons in valence shell.
Odd numbers of electrons, cannot distribute to give 8 to each (NO)

Question 4

Ionic bonding

Answer 4

Formation of an ion, electrons are transferred from a cation to an anion.

Question 5

Covalent bonding

Answer 5

Electrons are shared between two Atoms

Question 6

Bond length versus number of bonds

Answer 6

Decreased bond length = increased number of bonds.

Question 7

Bond energy

Answer 7

The energy required to break a bond. More bonds equals more energy.

Question 8

Polarity

Answer 8

Relative difference in electronegativities. Considered polar when the difference is between 0.5, and 1.7
Nonpolar 0-0.5

Question 9

Coordinate covalent bonds

Answer 9

Both electrons originated from a single atom in a covalent bond

Question 10

Formal charge equation

Answer 10

F= (typical valenc e-) - ( e- nonbonding) - (1/2 e- bonding)

Question 11

Electronica geometry

Answer 11

Describes the arrangement of all pairs of electrons around the central atom

Question 12

Molecular geometry

Answer 12

Describes the arrangement of only the bonding pairs of electrons.

Question 13

Van set Walsall forces

Answer 13

Short-lived rapidly shifting dipoles that attract like materials. In all chemicals

Question 14

Dipole dipole interactions

Answer 14

When the poles of polar covalent bonds attract or repulse each other

Question 15

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 15

Only made with nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. Bonds form between the hydrogens and these atoms