Chapter 1 – atomic structure

Question 1

Atomic number

Answer 1

Equal to the number of protons in an atom

Question 2

Mass number

Answer 2

Equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 3

Isotope

Answer 3

Atoms with varying numbers of neutrons.

Question 4

Valence electrons

Answer 4

Electrons on the outer most shell of an atom, and have the strongest interactions with the surrounding environment.

Question 5

Cat ion

Answer 5

Cat = good, positively charged atom caused by the removal of an electron

Question 6

An ion

Answer 6

A negatively charged atom Caused by an additional electron.

Question 7

Hydrogen isotopes
Deuterium
Tritium
Protium

Answer 7

• 1 proton, 1 neutron,
• 1 proton, 2 neutrons
• 1 proton, 0 neutrons

Question 8

Atomic weight

Answer 8

The weighted average of different isotopes.

Question 9

Max Planck’s energy equation

Answer 9

E=h(plancks constant) * f (frequency)

Question 10

Planck’s constant

Answer 10

6.62610^-34js

Question 11

Bohr’s electron angular momentum model

Answer 11

L= (ring #)(h)/(2pi)

Question 12

Bohr’s energy equation

Answer 12

E=-(RH)/(n^2)

RH(rydberg’s constant)=2.18*10^-18

Question 13

Ground state

Answer 13

State at which all electrons are in the lowest energy state

Question 14

Excited state

Answer 14

When at least one electron has moved to a sub shell of a higher than normal energy

Question 15

Energy equation based on photon emission

Answer 15

E=hc/wavelength

c is speed of light = 3*10^8

Question 16

Lyman series

Answer 16

Electron drop from n>=2 to n=1

Question 17

Balmer series

Answer 17

Energy drop from n>=3 to n=2

Question 18

Paschen series

Answer 18

Energy drop Fromm>=4 to n=3

Question 19

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 19

Momentum and position of an electron cannot be simultaneously found.

Question 20

Quantum numbers and the pauli exclusion principle

Answer 20

Location of electrons can be given by their quantum number, and the exclusion principle states that new two electrons in a single atom can possess the same set of quantum numbers.

Question 21

Principal quantum number

Answer 21

n given by the Energy level at the electron is on.

Question 22

Azimuthal Quantum Number

Answer 22

( lower case L) can be any integer value les than or = to n-1

n=2 L=1 OR 0
n=1 L=0

Question 23

Spectroscopic notation

Answer 23

Notation of L quantum number
L=0=s
L=1=p
L=2=d
L=3=f

Question 24

Magnetic quantum number

Answer 24

Specifies the specific orbital that an electron is in given in values of negative L to positive L (-L,0,+L)
L=2(-2,-1,0,1,2)
P has 3 specific orbitals
D has 5 specific orbitals
Etc.

Question 25

Spin quantum number

Answer 25

+1/2 or -1/2

Spin of electron within orbital

Question 26

Paired electrons

Answer 26

Two electrons within the same orbital that have opposite quantum spin numbers(+,-)

Question 27

Parallel spin electrons

Answer 27

Electrons in different orbitals on the same energy level that have the same spin value(both + or both -)

Question 28

Equation for the maximum number of electrons within a sub shell

Answer 28

4L+2

Question 29

Equation for the maximum number of electrons within a shell

Answer 29

2n^2

Question 30

Electron configuration

Answer 30

Spectroscopic notation used to identify how electrons are configured within an atom.

Question 31

Aufbau principal

Answer 31

Electrons Phil lower the higher energy subshells 2S before 2P an 2P before 3s

Question 32

n+L rule

Answer 32

Lower n+L will be filled first
6s = 5+0
4d =4+2

Question 33

Anion electron configuration

Answer 33

Additional electrons are added to the configuration

2s2 2p5 -> 2s2 2p6

Question 34

Cat ion electron configuration

Answer 34

Electrons are removed from the highest value for n first, then highest L.

Question 35

Hund’s rule

Answer 35

Orbitals are filled so that there a maximum number of half filled orbitals with parallel spin

Question 36

Unpaired electrons cause materials to be paramagnetic

Answer 36

Materials will spin and orient in alignment with a magnetic field

Question 37

Materials with pair of electrons will be diamagnetic

Answer 37

Have a slight repulsion to a magnetic field