Chapter 7 - Thermo Chem

Question 1

Isolated System

Answer 1

The system cannot exchange energy or matter with the surrounding

Question 2

Closed. System

Answer 2

The system can exchange energy, but not matter with the surrounding

Question 3

Open system

Answer 3

Can exchange both energy and matter with the surrounding

Question 4

Process

Answer 4

Any change in one or more of the systems properties.

Question 5

Isothermal process

Answer 5

Systems temperature remains constant

Question 6

Adiabatic system

Answer 6

A process with no heat exchange between the system in the environment

Question 7

Isobaric process

Answer 7

A system process when the pressure remains constant

Question 8

Isochoric process

Answer 8

The process with no change in volume of the system

Question 9

Spontaneous process

Answer 9

A process that does not need energy from an outside source

Question 10

Coupling

Answer 10

Non-spontaneous reactions or coupled with spontaneous ones to provide the energy needed to fulfill the process

Question 11

State function

Answer 11

Descriptors of the system in an equilibrium state. Pressure, density, temperature, volume, enthalpy, internal energy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy

Question 12

Standard conditions

Answer 12

25 C(298K) 1atm 1M concentration
The conditions in which enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy Are recorded

Question 13

Standard state

Answer 13

The most stable form of a substance

Question 14

Boiling

Answer 14

Rapid bubbling of the entire liquid, occurring when the entire liquid is above the boiling point, and vaporization occurs throughout the liquid.

Question 15

Deposition

Answer 15

Opposite of sublimation, from a gas directly to a solid

Question 16

Super critical fluids

Answer 16

A fluid gas mixture at which the fluid and gas I have identical densities. Typically at high temperature and pressure

Question 17

Temperature

Answer 17

The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

Question 18

Enthalpy

Answer 18

Thermal energy, the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

Question 19

Heat(Q)

Answer 19

The transfer of energy from one substance to another. He is a process function, not a state function

Question 20

Enthalpy(Delta H)

Answer 20

The equivalent to heat under constant pressure

Question 21

Heat equation

Answer 21

Q=mc delta T

Question 22

Heat Capacity

Answer 22

Mass times specific heat

Question 23

Enthalpy of (fusion or vaporization) transition of transition equation

Answer 23

Used for the change of state of a substance.
Q=mL
L= latent heat (J/gK)

Question 24

Enthalpy

Answer 24

Heat changes at a constant pressure

Question 25

Standard and enthalpy of formation

Answer 25

The energy required to produce one mole of a compound from it’s elements in their standard states.

Question 26

Hess’s Law

Answer 26

Enthalpy changes of a reaction or additive, and the pathway taken for a process does not change enthalpy

Question 27

Bond enthalpies

Answer 27

Bond dissociation energy, the average energy needed to break a bond The negative bond dissociation energy is the energy of formation

Question 28

Standard heat of combustion

Answer 28

The heat change associated with the combustion of a fuel

Question 29

Entropy

Answer 29

The measure of the spontaneous dispersal of energy at a specific temperature

Question 30

Entropy is always increasing or decreasing

Answer 30

Increasing

Question 31

Gibbs free energy

Answer 31

A measure of the change in enthalpy and entropy of a system as it undergoes a process

Question 32

Gibbs free energy equation

Answer 32

Gibbs free energy = enthalpy - temperature*entropy

Question 33

Gibbs free energy and spontaneity

Answer 33

- spontaneous + nonspontaneous 0 in equilibrium

Question 34

Gibbs free energy equation in relation to OK equivalent

Answer 34

Gibbs free energy = RT *ln K equivalent