Chapter 9: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Question 1

condensation

Answer 1

combines two molecules into one, while losing a small molecule

Question 2

amides

Answer 2

Compounds with the general formula RCONR2. It is synthesized by the reaction of other carboxylic acid derivatives with either ammonia or amine. Only primary and secondary amines will undergo this reaction. The naming for this is replacing the –oic acid for –amide; and alkyl Substituents on the nitrogen atom are listed as prefixes, and their location is specified with the letter N-.

May or may not participate in hydrogen bonding, depending on the number of alkyl groups they have bonded, And therefore their boiling points may be lower or all the same level as the boiling points of carboxylic acids.

Question 3

cyclic amides are called:

Answer 3

lactams

Question 4

esters

Answer 4

Dehydration synthesis products of other carboxylic acids derivatives and alcohol. Nomenclature is the suffix –oate replaces –oic acid.

lack jydrogen bonding they usually have lower boiling points than their related carboxylic acid.

Question 5

Fischer esterification

Answer 5

Under city conditions, mixtures of carboxylic acid and alcohol will condense into esters.

Question 5

cyclic esters are called:

Answer 5

lactones

Question 6

triacylglycerols

Answer 6

The storage form of fats in the body are esters of long chain carboxylic acids and glycerol.

Question 7

anhydrides

Answer 7

also called acid anhydride, are condensation dimers of CA. Their fomrula are RC(O)OC(O)R

Often have higher boiling points than they’re related carboxylic acids based solely on the much greater weight.

Question 8

symmetrical anhydride

Answer 8

Are named by substituting the word anhydride for the word acid in a carboxylic acid.

Question 9

asymmetrical anhydride

Answer 9

Name the two chains alphabetically, followed by anhydride.

Question 10

anhydride cleavage

Answer 10

Alcohols that can act as a nucleophile towards anhydrides. This nucleophilic substitution reaction will result in the formation of esters and carboxylic acid.

Anhydrides can also be reverted to CA by exposing them to water. It has to be asymmetric Anhydride.

Ammonia act as the nucleophile, one of the carbonyl carbons act as the electrophile, and then carboxylic acid is a leaving group.

Question 11

transesterification

Answer 11

Different alcohol chains are swapped into and out of the esterifying group position.