Chapter 12: Separations and Purifications

Question 1

extractio uses

Answer 1

separatory funnel

Question 2

which layer is more common to be at the top?

Answer 2

organic layer

Question 3

revers eof extraction

Answer 3

wash

Question 4

is it better to do multiple extrcations or one large one?

Answer 4

multiple

Question 5

gravity filtration

Answer 5

interested in the filtrate

Question 6

vacuum filtration

Answer 6

interested in the solid

Question 7

recrystallization

Answer 7

further purifying crystals in solution. We dissolve our product in a minumun amount of hot solvent and let it recrystallize as it cools

Question 8

filtration

Answer 8

isolate a solid from a liquid

Question 9

simple distillation

Answer 9

liquids that boil below 150C and have at least a 25C different in boiling point.

Question 10

condensate

Answer 10

drips down into a vessel

Question 11

distillate

Answer 11

end product

Question 11

vacuum distillation

Answer 11

boiling point over 150C

Question 12

fractional distillation

Answer 12

two liquids that have similar boiling points (less thn 25C apart)

Question 13

stationary phase is also called

Answer 13

adsorbent

Question 14

what is elute?

Answer 14

displace

Question 15

retardation Rf equation

Answer 15

Rf = distance spot moved / distance solvent front moved

Question 15

reverse-phase chromatography

Answer 15

the stationary phase used is a nonpolar, so polar molecules move up the plate quickly, while nonpolar molecules stick more tightly to the stationary phase.

Question 15

column chromatography

Answer 15

filled with silica or aluminum beads as a adsorbent

Question 16

ion-exchange chromatography

Answer 16

beads are coated with charge substances so that they attract or bind compounds that have an opposite charge.

Question 17

size-exclusion chromatography

Answer 17

beads used in the column have tiny pores of different sizes. They allow for small compounds to enter the bead and slow them down.

Question 18

affinity chromatography

Answer 18

protein of interest is bound by creating a column with high affinity for that protein

Question 19

the injected compounds in a gas chromatography need to be

Answer 19

volatile, which has low melting point, sublimable solids or vaporizable liquids

Question 19

gas chromatography is also known as

Answer 19

vapor-phase chromatography (VPC)

Question 20

mass spectrometer

Answer 20

molecular weight determination, involves the ionization and fragmentation of compounds, these fragments are then run through a magnetic field, which separates them by mass-to-charge ratio.

Question 21

high-performance liquid chromatography

Answer 21

the eluent is a liquid