Chapter 7: Aldehydes and Ketones II - Enolates

Question 1

enol-

Answer 1

Presence of carbon-carbon double bonds and an alcohol.

Question 2

Due to the acidity of alpha hydrogens in aldehyde and ketones, they can exist in solution as a mixture of two isomers.

Answer 2

enol and keto

Question 3

alpha-carbon

Answer 3

adjacent to the carbonyl carbon

Question 4

alpha-hydrogen

Answer 4

hydrogen attached to the alpha-carbons

Question 5

the acidity of alpha-hydrogen

Answer 5

is augumented by resonance stabilization of the conjugate base

Question 6

carbanion

Answer 6

molecule with a negatively cahrged carbon atom

Question 7

alpha-hydrogen in ketones are ____ than alpha-hydogen in aldehydes

Answer 7

less

Question 8

ketones are ____ likely to react with nucleophiles than aldehydes

Answer 8

less

Question 9

enolization can also be called:

Answer 9

tautomerization

Question 10

alpha-racemization

Answer 10

Any aldehyde or ketone with chiral alpha carbon will rapidly become a racemic mixture as the keto and enol forms interconvert, a phenomenon known as alpha racemization.

Question 11

kinetic enolate

Answer 11

Any aldehyde or ketone with chiral alpha carbon will rapidly become a racemic mixture as the keto and enol forms interconvert, a phenomenon known as alpha racemization.

Question 12

Thermodynamically controlled

Answer 12

product is formed with the double bond being formed with the more substituted alpha carbon. The thermodynamic product is favored with higher temperatures, slow, reversible reactions.

Question 13

enamines

Answer 13

are tautomers of imines

Question 14

tautomerization

Answer 14

Movement of a hydrogen and a double bond.

Question 15

Which is more thermodynamically Favored? Enamine or imine

Answer 15

imine

Question 16

adol condensation

Answer 16

Aldehyde and ketone act both as an electrophile and a nucleophile, and the end result is the formation of a carbon carbon bond.

Question 17

aldol

Answer 17

contain ALDehyde and alcohOL

Question 18

condensation reaction can also be a ____reaction if the molecule lost is water

Answer 18

dehydration

Question 19

retro-aldol reaction

Answer 19

Happens if aqueous base is added and heat is applied. It is when a breaking bond between the alpha and beta carbons of a carbonyl.