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Personality > Chapter 9 - Biological Foundations of Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Biological Foundations of Personality Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fundamental hypothesis?

A

If traits “part of us”, then good chance they are part biologically based and heritable, linked to evolution

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2
Q

What is temperament?

A

Biologically based individual difference in emotional and motivational tendencies

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3
Q

What are the 3 categories Thomas and Chess found through their longitudinal study?

A

Easy babies

Difficult babies

Slow-to-warm-up babies

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4
Q

What are the 3 categories that Buss and Plomin found through their longitudinal study?

A

Emotionality

Activity

Sociability

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5
Q

What are Kagan’s 2 profiles?

A

Inhibited and uninhibited

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6
Q

What do Kagan’s profiles mean?

A

Infants inherit differences in biological functioning, leading to more/less reactive novelty that appear stable throughout life

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7
Q

What is the era noted as most human evolution?

A

Pleistocene

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8
Q

Humans adapted to physical and social environments through…

A

Physical and cognitve adaptation

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9
Q

What are the 3 parts that evolved in humans?

A

Nervous system

Neurotransmitters

Social behaviours favouring survival

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10
Q

What are the nervous systems that evolved in humans?

A

Limbic (emotions) and frontal lobes (memories, judgements)

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11
Q

What is the neurochemistry that evolved in humans?

A

Neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin)

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12
Q

What are the implications of evolutionary selection?

A

Favour reproductive success

Some traits outlived usefulness

Domain specific

Information-processing to solve different problems

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13
Q

People look for mates with _________ and/or _________ similarity as well as _____________.

A

Genotypic; phenotypic; sexual attractiveness

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14
Q

Women tend to choose men based on __________ and men tend to choose women based on __________.

A

Resourcefulness; reproductive capacities

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15
Q

Two main conflict points of mating strategies are…

A

Aggressive male competition and jealousy

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16
Q

Men tend to get jealous based on _________ tendencies and women tend to get jealous based on _________ tendencies.

A

Sexual; emotional

17
Q

What is the ultimate goal of behavioural genetics?

A

Identify heritability of behavioural characteristics

18
Q

The 3 methods/studies to determine heritability are…

A

Selective breeding studies

Twin studies

Adoptee studies

19
Q

Many complex human behaviours are ________ and _________.

A

Polygenic; multifactorial

20
Q

3 important studies of behavioural genetics are…

A

Loehlin studies of twins and adoptees

Swedish adoption/twin study of aging (SATSA)

Minnesota study of twins reared apart

21
Q

__________ has biological roots, with important involvement of the ________ and _________.

A

Aggressiveness

Temporal lobes; limbic system (amygdala)

22
Q

What is sensation seeking?

A

Seeking varied, complex, intense sensations and tendency to take physical and social risks

23
Q

Sensation seeking depends on a person’s ___________ and covaries with _______ and ________.

A

Arousability; sociability; impulsivity

24
Q

What is the parental investment theory?

A

Biological differences between sexes causes women to invest more in parenting

25
Q

What are the 4 types of sensation seeking as stated by Zuckerman?

A

Thrill and adventure

Experience

Disinhibition

Boredom

26
Q

_________ environments make siblings more alike whereas _________ environments create individual differences.

A

Shared; unshared

27
Q

Parents react ________ to each child, hence the emergence of individual characteristics

A

Differently

28
Q

What are the 3 nature-nurture interactions?

A

Same environment, different effects

Different genetics, different responses

Different genetics, different environments

29
Q

Genes can be __________ depending on environmental conditions by biochemical process known as _______

A

Turned on and off; methylation

30
Q

What is plasticity?

A

Change of biology as result of behavioural experiences

31
Q

What are the categories of the three-dimensional temperament model and what do they stand for?

A

NE (negative emotionality)

PE (positive emotionality)

DvC (disinhibition vs. constraint)

Personality (14 decks)

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