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Personality > Chapter 7 - Allport and Eysenck > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Allport and Eysenck Flashcards

1
Q

Trait theory is the most ________ of all theories and is primarily based on ________.

A

Natural; measurement

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2
Q

What is a trait/disposition?

A

Broad stylistic behavioural characteristic on which individuals differ

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3
Q

The 3 characteristics of traits are…

A

Enduring, consistent, independent

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4
Q

What are facets?

A

Minor traits, similar and convergent within larger traits

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5
Q

What are the 3 major goals of trait theories?

A

To describe, predict, and explain

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6
Q

Individual differences arise from differences in _________ and _________ of specific traits.

A

Strength; pervasiveness

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7
Q

Traits are usually presented as _________ and presumed to be normally distributed.

A

Bi-polar

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8
Q

There is direct correspondence between person’s _________ of trait-related actions and _________ of corresponding trait.

A

Performance; possession

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9
Q

Traits can be organized in ___________.

A

Hierarchies

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10
Q

What are Allport’s 2 approaches to studying personality?

A

Idiographic and nomothetic

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11
Q

What is the difference between ideographic and nomothetic?

A

Idiographic: in-depth study of an individual

Nomothetic: study of commonalities (general rules)

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12
Q

What are the theoretical assumptions that Allport makes?

A

Traits “neuropsychic” structures

Traits dynamic, interdependent

Traits determined @ birth

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13
Q

According to Allport, traits vary according to their __________.

A

Pervasiveness

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14
Q

What are cardinal traits?

A

Dominate person’s personality, cannot be hidden

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15
Q

What are central traits?

A

Small # traits highly characteristic of person

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16
Q

What are secondary traits?

A

Characteristics which operate in limited settings and vary in significance

17
Q

Allport claimed personality is more than __________ and emphasized __________ of the individual.

A

Sum of dispositions; uniqueness

18
Q

What is Allport’s functional autonomy?

A

Although motives come from tension-reduction, adults grow out of early motives and find pleasure/motivation in its own right

19
Q

What is factor analysis?

A

Statistical tool for summarizing ways in which large # variables co-occur

20
Q

What are superfactors?

A

Traits @ highest level of trait hierarchy

21
Q

What are the 3 superfactors of Eysenck’s model?

A

Extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism

22
Q

What does orthogonal mean?

A

Statistically completely unrelated, no correlation

23
Q

What does Eysenck’s personality questionnaire state?

A

Anyone can be rated, some more, some less

24
Q

What is the difference between Allport and Eysenck on trait presence?

A

Allport: may have some traits but not all

Eysenck: everyone has all traits to some extent

25
Q

What is the difference between extraverts and introverts?

A

Extraverts: slower to arouse, easily bored, seek stimulation

Introverts: easily aroused, do not get bored easily, avoid stimulation

26
Q

What are 2 key neural systems Eysenck hypothesized were involved in neuroticism?

A

Limbic system and autonomic nervous system

27
Q

What does the limbic system arouse?

A

Emotions

28
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system arouse?

A

Body

29
Q

What are the 3 critiques of Eysenck’s theory?

A

Measures not aligned with theory

Underestimates complexity of brain

Cognitive factors affect performance

30
Q

Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality is based on concept of __________.

A

Neural subsystems

31
Q

What are neural subsystems?

A

Interconnected mechanisms located in different parts of brain but work together to function

32
Q

What are the 3 systems of Gray’s RST?

A

Behavioural approach system (BAS)

Fight-flight-freeze system (FFS)

Behavioural inhibition system (BIS)

33
Q

The BAS responds to __________ stimuli.

A

Pleasurable

34
Q

The emotional experience of BAS could be called…

A

Anticipatory pleasure

35
Q

The emotion generated by the FFS is _______.

A

Fear

36
Q

The BIS resolves __________, where individual seeks reward but hesitates due to environmental threats.

A

Goal conflicts

37
Q

The dominant emotion generated by the BIS is __________.

A

Anxiety

Personality (14 decks)

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