Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals of GIS > Chapter 9 - Basic Spatial Analyses > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Basic Spatial Analyses Flashcards

1
Q

This is a key role of GIS

A

Geospatial analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Geospatial analysis relies on these two types of data to answer questions

A

Coordinate and attribute data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many GIS spatial operations are available?

A

Hundreds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are four ways analytical output can be represented?

A

Single number, list, table, map layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the challenge in applying spatial data analysis operations?

A

Applying the correct operations in the correct order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can some operations be applied to both vector and raster data?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do the same conceptual operations always produce the same results in both vector and raster data?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Can large projects require many inputs and operations?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This is an area of input for an output location

A

Input scope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are three levels of input scope?

A

Local, neighborhood, global

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This input scope links point to point

A

Local

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In this input scope, adjoining regions provide input

A

Neighborhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In this input scope, an entire layer is used as an input

A

Global

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This spatial analysis operation selects map features based on some criteria

A

Selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are two things that selection can select on?

A

Spatial properties or attributes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Selected features can be exported to this

A

New layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This is the simplest form of selection that selects features or record by mouse cursor

A

On-screen query

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This form of selection uses set algebra for select features based on attribute, and uses symbols (=, <>, <, >) and boolean logic

A

Select by attributes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This form of selection selects features on spatial properties

A

Select by location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This selects features that touch other features

A

Adjacency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This identifies features that contain target features

A

Containment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This spatial analysis operation assigns features to categories based on certain criteria

A

Classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This can also be used to group features for display, using different symbology applied to different groups

A

Classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Classification is often combined with this type of operation

A

Selection operation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In this type of classification, the user specifies classification schema

A

Manual classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

These two things are specified in manual classification

A

Source input layer and input values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In manual classification, output class values are often applied using this

A

Classification table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a disadvantage of manual classification?

A

Time-consuming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

This type of classification uses automated rules to create output values

A

Automated classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Automated classification is typically used for this type of data

A

Quantitative data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

These are used to define classes in automated classification

A

Math algorithms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Automated classification sacrifices this for speed

A

Precise control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are four types of classification algorithms?

A
  1. Equal interval; 2. Quantile; 3. Natural break; 4. Standard deviation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

In this classification algorithm, the value range is the same in each class

A

Equal interval

35
Q

In this classification algorithm, classes are divided so each has an equal number of features

A

Quantile

36
Q

In this classification algorithm, classes are determined by clusters and gaps in data

A

Natural breaks

37
Q

In this classification algorithm, classes are determined by relation to mean value

A

Standard deviation

38
Q

This spatial analysis operation aggregates features in a layer that have the same attribute values

A

Dissolve

39
Q

The dissolve operation does these two things

A

Creates new layer and removes shared boundaries

40
Q

Dissolve may result in the creation of these

A

Multipart features

41
Q

Dissolve is useful for this

A

Removing unneeded spatial/attribute data

42
Q

This spatial analysis operation addresses questions of distance

A

Proximity

43
Q

Proximity analysis uses these principles to calculate distance

A

Pythagorean principles

44
Q

How is distance measured between raster cells?

A

Cell center to cell center

45
Q

Proximity operations use this type of proximity function

A

Simple distance function

46
Q

This proximity function finds distance from points on a map to a feature

A

Simple distance function

47
Q

What do simple distance functions present values as?

A

Raster layer

48
Q

These principles are used to measure distance from raster cell to raster cell

A

Pythagorean principles

49
Q

This proximity function creates zones of a specified distance around chosen features

A

Buffering

50
Q

Can buffers be used with both vector and raster data?

A

Yes

51
Q

This type of buffering combines distance and classification to produce a ‘stair-step’ boundary

A

Raster buffering

52
Q

What are the four types of buffering with vector data?

A
  1. Simple buffering; 2. Compound buffering; 3. Nested buffering; 4. Variable distance buffering
53
Q

This type of vector buffering buffers with a fixed distance from feature

A

Simple buffering

54
Q

This type of vector buffering identifies an area that overlaps at least 2 features

A

Compound buffering

55
Q

This type of vector buffering creates concentric buffers of increasing size

A

Nested buffering

56
Q

This type of vector buffering uses differing buffer sizes for different features

A

Variable distance buffering

57
Q

This spatial analysis operation takes spatial and attribute data from multiple layers and combines it into a single output layer

A

Overlay

58
Q

What kind of problems is overlay used for?

A

Complex problems

59
Q

This type of overlay is a cell by cell combination of at least 2 input layers

A

Raster overlay

60
Q

Input raster layers must be this to perform raster overlay

A

Compatible

61
Q

Raster layers may require this to be made compatible for raster overlay

A

Resampling

62
Q

This type of overlay merges coordinate and attribute data from two vector layers

A

Vector overlay

63
Q

What are three ways the topology of an output layer will change with vector overlay?

A
  1. Split lines/polygons; 2. Addition of new nodes; 3. Change of adjacencies
64
Q

Can any vector feature be overlain over any other vector feature?

A

Yes

65
Q

Are all vector overlays useful and commonly used?

A

No

66
Q

What are three common types of vector overlay operations?

A

Clip, intersect, union

67
Q

Vector overlays can create these that add superfluous coordinate and attribute data

A

Sliver polygons

68
Q

What are three ways to remove sliver polygons?

A
  1. Redraw polygons with common boundary; 2. Manually remove slivers; 3. Use snapping on boundaries
69
Q

These are sets of connected features

A

Networks

70
Q

What are four examples of networks?

A

Roads, railroads, communication, utilities

71
Q

Features are often termed this in networks

A

Centers

72
Q

Centers are connected by these in networks

A

Links

73
Q

Resources flow from these to these centers via links

A

Supply centers to demand centers

74
Q

This is used in many network problems, measuring the cost of moving a resource through a link

A

Transit cost

75
Q

What are three examples of units that transit costs can be measured with?

A

Distance, time, monetary units

76
Q

This field of study explores the flow of resources through a network

A

Network analysis

77
Q

What are three network analysis functions?

A
  1. Route selection; 2. Resource allocation; 3. Traffic management
78
Q

This network analysis function identifies the best route with the lowest total cost given constraints

A

Route selection

79
Q

Finding the best route in route selection is this type of process

A

Recursive process

80
Q

This network analysis function apportions territories to centers

A

Resource allocation

81
Q

This network analysis function identifies bottlenecks, transit times and alternative routes, and is used to model possible changes to network structure

A

Traffic management

82
Q

This is the process of spatially referencing street features with address information

A

Geocoding

83
Q

Geocoding uses these two types of data

A

Zipcode and street address data

84
Q

Geocoding address information includes this information for street line segments to make guesses as to location

A

Address range information

Fundamentals of GIS (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions