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Fundamentals of GIS > Chapter 7 - Digital Data > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Digital Data Flashcards

1
Q

Many spatial data are in this format

A

Digital format

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2
Q

What are four forms of digital data?

A
  1. Single raster; 2. Vector; 3. Multilayer raster; 4. Attributes
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3
Q

Few of this type of data set exist

A

Global data set

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4
Q

What are three ways national data sets differ?

A

Standards, collection, metadata

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5
Q

What type of uniform data do global data sets typically use?

A

Low-res remote sensing data

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6
Q

This organization has the largest cache of global remote sensing data

A

NASA

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7
Q

NASA provides this type of data

A

Raster data of different themes

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8
Q

What are three examples of data themes provided by NASA?

A

Elevation, land use, ecosystem types

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9
Q

This organization has a database of historical global climate

A

Max Planck Institute of Germany

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10
Q

This organization of public and private groups around the world started in the 1990s and promotes collaboration in developing and sharing spatial data

A

Global Spatial Dataset Infrastructure

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11
Q

This is an early Global Spatial Dataset Infrastructure initiative

A

Global Map

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12
Q

What are at least three out of four U.S. sources of spatial data?

A
  1. National Spatial Data Infrastructure; 2. USGS National Map; 3. USGS Earth Explorer; 4. ArcGIS online
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13
Q

This U.S. data source was established in 1994 to ensure efficient development and use of spatial data

A

National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)

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14
Q

What are at least three of five goals of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure?

A
  1. Reduce duplication between agencies; 2. Set quality standards; 3. Reduce costs; 4. Improve accessibility to users; 5. Build partnerships
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15
Q

What are at least 4 out of 7 core data themes addressed by the National Spatial Data Infrastructure?

A
  1. Geodetic control; 2. Hydrography; 3. Orthoimagery; 4. Cadastral data; 5. Elevation; 6. Government boundaries; 7. Transportation
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16
Q

Is National Spatial Data Infrastructure data created by both public and private organizations?

A

Yes

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17
Q

This is a network of National Spatial Data Infrastructure data providers

A

National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse

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18
Q

How many datasets are contained in the National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse?

A

400,000

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19
Q

How many agencies provide data to the National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse?

A

172

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20
Q

National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse data vendors follow these protocols

A

Metadata protocols

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21
Q

This site is a portal for searching NSDI metadata and is the best source for U.S. spatial data

A

data.gov

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22
Q

This U.S. data source is a collaboration of USGS and others and is considered the best single source for U.S. topographical data

A

USGS National Map

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23
Q

What two types of data are provided by USGS National Map?

A

Raster and vector data

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24
Q

This U.S. data source is a product of USGS and has remote sensing and cartographic products

A

USGS Earth Explorer

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25
This U.S. data source is a global network of GIS users and providers
ArcGIS online
26
ArcGIS Online provides this to share GIS data
Infrastructure
27
Does the ArcGIS portal offer access to only one type of data?
No
28
Can both people and groups publish their data in ArcGIS online?
Yes
29
This organization manages ArcGIS online
Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)
30
This digital dataset contains raster images of scanned USGS maps
Digital raster graph (DRG)
31
Digital raster graph images are georeferenced and available in many of these
USGS scales
32
What are at least three of four uses of digital raster graphs?
1. Onscreen digitizing; 2. Map backdrops; 3. Spatial consistency checks; 4. Control point source
33
In this type of digital dataset, vector data are digitized from USGS maps
Digital line graph (DLG)
34
This is done to layers in digital line graphs
Georeferencing
35
Digital line graph maps are edge-matched to fix these
Boundary discontinuities
36
Digital line graphs are available in a variety of these
USGS map scales
37
Do digital line graphs provide extensive attribute data?
No
38
This type of DLG data layer shows township, range, and section line features
Public Land Survey System
39
This type of DLG data layer shows state, county, city, national, and state border features
Boundaries
40
This type of DLG data layer shows roads, trails, railroads and utility line features
Transportation
41
This type of DLG data layer shows flowing and standing water and wetlands
Hydrography
42
This type of DLG data layer shows contour and spot elevation features
Hypsography
43
This type of DLG data layer shows moraine, lava, sand and gravel features
Non-vegetative features
44
This type of DLG data layer shows horizontal and vertical monument features
Survey control and markers
45
This type of DLG data layer shows cultural features
Man-made features
46
This type of DLG data layer shows woods, scrub, orchard and vineyard features
Vegetative cover
47
This digital dataset shows raster layers of elevation values
Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
48
The Digital Elevation Model uses this data resolution for most of the globe
Low-resolution data
49
The Digital Elevation Model uses this data resolution for the U.S. and other areas
Medium- to high-resolution
50
What are three sources of elevation data for the Digital Elevation Model?
1. USGS topo maps; 2. Field surveying/GPS; 3. Active remote sensing (RADAR/LIDAR)
51
This was created and maintained by the USGS to provide a seamless raster layer that merges the best DEM data for the U.S.
National Elevation Dataset
52
This digital dataset uses geometrically corrected aerial photos
Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle (DOQ)
53
What are two types of photo sourced for Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle datasets?
Scanned film photos or digital photos
54
Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles are corrected for these two types of error
Relief displacement and tilt
55
Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles are georeferenced with these
Coordinates
56
What are two uses of Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles?
Digitizing data and backdrops
57
What organization provides most Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles?
USGS
58
This digital dataset produces aerial images of crop fields during growing season
National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP)
59
The National Agricultural Imagery Program is a product of this organization
USDA
60
What are two concerns of the National Agricultural Imagery Program?
Agricultural surveys and crop yields
61
This process is done to NAIP photos
Orthorectification
62
How long is the cycle for NAIP photos?
3-year cycle
63
What is the resolution of NAIP photos in visible color and some infrared?
1 meter
64
NAIP images are available in these two forms
Digital orthophoto quadrangles and county mosaics
65
This digital dataset uses vector data on natural and artificial surface water features
National Hydrological Dataset
66
These structures are represented in the National Hydrological Dataset
Water control structures/dams
67
What two types of data are combined by the National Hydrological Dataset?
Digital line graph (DLG) data and EPA data
68
What organization produces data for the National Hydrological Dataset?
USGS
69
This digital dataset provides data on the extent and status of wetlands and deepwater habitats
National Wetland Inventory
70
National Wetland Inventory data provides extensive classification of these
Cover types
71
National Wetland Inventory data is in these two formats
Vector and raster
72
The National Wetland Inventory data is a product of this organizationn
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
73
This digital dataset provides polygon layers of soil types and attributes
Digital soils data
74
What are three levels of digital soils data?
1. National Soil Geographic (NATSGO); 2. State Soil Geographic (STATSGO); Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO)
75
This is national level digital soils data
National Soil Geographic (NATSGO)
76
Is National Soil Geographic data low detail?
Yes
77
Is National Soil Geographic data usable for detailed analysis?
No
78
This is the state level of digital soils data that is intermediate in scale and detail
State Soil Geographic (STATSGO)
79
This is the highest level of digital soils data in terms of detail and positional accuracy
Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO)
80
Soil polygons are linked to this in Soil Survey Geographic
Map Unit Interpretations Record (MUIR)
81
MUIR is soil attributes provided by this organization
Department of Agriculture NRCS
82
This digital dataset provides vector data on 100-year flood hazards
Digital Floodplain Data
83
Digital Floodplain Data provides flood hazard information to this organization
FEMA
84
Digital Floodplain Data information is disseminated through this program
National Flood Insurance Program
85
How many municipalities are part of the National Flood Insurance Program?
20,000
86
National Flood Insurance Program participants must use this
Floodplain management
87
Flood risk data from Digital Floodplain Data is used to set these
Insurance rates
88
This digital dataset is made up of shapefiles of roads, railroads, rivers, and political areas
TIGER/Line files
89
What does TIGER stand for?
Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing
90
TIGER lines are a product of this organization
U.S. Census Bureau
91
TIGER line files include these
Extensive ID names
92
TIGER line street layers include this information
Address information
93
Do TIGER street layers contain demographic data?
No
94
This digital dataset is made up of raster/vector data on land cover from the USGS
National Land Cover Data
95
What were the three schemes of National Land Cover Data?
1. Land Use and Land Cover; 2. National Land Cover Data 1992; 3. National Land Cover Data 2001
96
This was the first USGS land cover classification scheme, taken from 1970s-80s aerial photos
Land Use and Land Cover
97
How many land cover categories were used in the first two National Land Cover Data schemes?
21 categories
98
What size were the smallest features in the Land Use and Land Cover scheme?
10-40 acres
99
The Land Use and Land Cover scheme produced these to be scanned
Hardcopy maps
100
This National Land Cover Data scheme was the first nationwide land use program
National Land Cover Data 1992
101
National Land Cover Data 1992 data is based on these images
30m resolution Landsat images
102
This National Land Cover Data scheme used a slightly different classification
National Land Cover Data 2001
103
National Land Cover Data 2001 added these two land cover types
Canopy density and impervious surface

Fundamentals of GIS (13 decks)

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