Chapter 13 - Spatial Models Flashcards
These are abstractions of reality
Models
These models describe properties and processes for spatial features
Spatial models
What are three types of spatial models?
- Cartographic models; 2. Spatiotemporal models; 3. Network models
These spatial models are temporally static and use combined spatial datasets
Cartographic models
Cartographic models have operations and functions for this
Problem-solving
These spatial models are dynamic in space and time and model time-driven processes
Spatiotemporal models
These spatial models model the flow of resources on networks
Network models
These spatial models represent features at a point in time
Cartographic models
Time can be this in cartographic models
Implicit
This is a common model application for cartographic models
Suitability analysis
Suitability analysis assesses this using one or more criteria
Utility of surface
Can suitability analysis criteria be expressed either quantitatively or qualitatively?
Yes
Application of each suitability analysis criteria produces a different one of these
Criteria layer
What are two types of rankings within suitability analysis criteria?
Discrete and continuous rankings
These criteria rankings use 1 and 0 to represent suitable and unsuitable sites
Discrete rankings
These criteria rankings assign a score from a continuous scale, generally using interval or ratio data
Continuous rankings
This answers how criterion layers are combined and if they are equal in importance
Weighting among criteria
What are four types of criterion weighting?
- Unscaled; 2. Common scale; 3. Client or expert survey; 4. Rank order weights
These criterion weights are assigned based on importance of criteria
Rank order weights
These spatial models simulate some process on Earth’s surface given inputs, with time being an explicit part of the model
Spatiotemporal models
What are three examples of processes that could be represented by spatiotemporal models?
- Water flow through watershed after a storm; 2. Wildfire spread across landscape; 3. Spread of malaria through an urban area
This is a simple cell base spatiotemporal model that uses transition rules to update cell values as time passes
Cellular automata
What are at least two of four examples of uses for network models?
- Transportation; 2. Routing; 3. Hydrology; 4. Infrastructure modelling
Networks are described by these two things
Nodes and links
What are three things relevant to network modeling?
Location, direction, connectivity
This is often modeled for nodes and links in network models
Impedance
What is the typical impedance of links in network models?
Travel time
What is an impedance for nodes in network models?
Turn penalties
These problems find optimal routes in network models
Traveling salesman problem