Chapter 13 - Spatial Models

Question 1

These are abstractions of reality

Answer 1

Models

Question 2

These models describe properties and processes for spatial features

Answer 2

Spatial models

Question 3

What are three types of spatial models?

Answer 3

1. Cartographic models; 2. Spatiotemporal models; 3. Network models

Question 4

These spatial models are temporally static and use combined spatial datasets

Answer 4

Cartographic models

Question 5

Cartographic models have operations and functions for this

Answer 5

Problem-solving

Question 6

These spatial models are dynamic in space and time and model time-driven processes

Answer 6

Spatiotemporal models

Question 7

These spatial models model the flow of resources on networks

Answer 7

Network models

Question 8

These spatial models represent features at a point in time

Answer 8

Cartographic models

Question 9

Time can be this in cartographic models

Answer 9

Implicit

Question 10

This is a common model application for cartographic models

Answer 10

Suitability analysis

Question 11

Suitability analysis assesses this using one or more criteria

Answer 11

Utility of surface

Question 12

Can suitability analysis criteria be expressed either quantitatively or qualitatively?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Application of each suitability analysis criteria produces a different one of these

Answer 13

Criteria layer

Question 14

What are two types of rankings within suitability analysis criteria?

Answer 14

Discrete and continuous rankings

Question 15

These criteria rankings use 1 and 0 to represent suitable and unsuitable sites

Answer 15

Discrete rankings

Question 16

These criteria rankings assign a score from a continuous scale, generally using interval or ratio data

Answer 16

Continuous rankings

Question 17

This answers how criterion layers are combined and if they are equal in importance

Answer 17

Weighting among criteria

Question 18

What are four types of criterion weighting?

Answer 18

1. Unscaled; 2. Common scale; 3. Client or expert survey; 4. Rank order weights

Question 19

These criterion weights are assigned based on importance of criteria

Answer 19

Rank order weights

Question 20

These spatial models simulate some process on Earth’s surface given inputs, with time being an explicit part of the model

Answer 20

Spatiotemporal models

Question 21

What are three examples of processes that could be represented by spatiotemporal models?

Answer 21

1. Water flow through watershed after a storm; 2. Wildfire spread across landscape; 3. Spread of malaria through an urban area

Question 22

This is a simple cell base spatiotemporal model that uses transition rules to update cell values as time passes

Answer 22

Cellular automata

Question 23

What are at least two of four examples of uses for network models?

Answer 23

1. Transportation; 2. Routing; 3. Hydrology; 4. Infrastructure modelling

Question 24

Networks are described by these two things

Answer 24

Nodes and links

Question 25

What are three things relevant to network modeling?

Answer 25

Location, direction, connectivity

Question 26

This is often modeled for nodes and links in network models

Answer 26

Impedance

Question 27

What is the typical impedance of links in network models?

Answer 27

Travel time

Question 28

What is an impedance for nodes in network models?

Answer 28

Turn penalties

Question 29

These problems find optimal routes in network models

Answer 29

Traveling salesman problem