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Fundamentals of GIS > Chapter 1 - Introduction to GIS > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Introduction to GIS Flashcards

1
Q

This is the science of the description and distribution of diverse features of Earth’s surface

A

Geography

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2
Q

Who coined the term “geography”?

A

Eratosthenes

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3
Q

In what year did Eratosthenes coin the term “geography”?

A

250 B.C.

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4
Q

What are the three main branches of geography?

A

Physical, cultural, and environmental

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5
Q

Which branch of geography is concerned with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, pedosphere and biosphere?

A

Physical geography

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6
Q

What are five spheres of concern in physical geography?

A
  1. Lithosphere; 2. Hydrosphere; 3. Atmosphere; 4. Pedosphere; 5. Biosphere
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7
Q

What are three of four areas of concern of cultural geography?

A

Political, cultural, social, and economic institutions

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8
Q

What is environmental geography concerned with?

A

Spatial aspects of human-environment interactions

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9
Q

This branch of geography is concerned with political, cultural, social and economic institutions

A

Cultural geography

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10
Q

This branch of geography is concerned with spatial aspects of human-environment interactions

A

Environmental geography

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11
Q

What are three of five spatial themes of geography?

A

Location; Place; Movement; Regions; Human-Earth relationships

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12
Q

This spatial theme of geography describes the absolute or relative position of a feature

A

Location

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13
Q

This spatial theme of geography describes the unique properties of a specific location

A

Place

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14
Q

This spatial theme of geography involves migration, communication, and goods

A

Movement

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15
Q

This spatial theme of geography describes the properties of uniform areas

A

Region

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16
Q

This spatial theme of geography describes humanity’s interaction and impacts

A

Human-Earth relationships

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17
Q

What does location describe?

A

The absolute or relative position of a feature

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18
Q

What does place describe?

A

The unique properties of a specific location

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19
Q

What three things does movement describe?

A

Migration, communication and goods

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20
Q

What does region describe?

A

The properties of uniform areas

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21
Q

What does human-Earth relationship describe?

A

Humanity’s interaction and impacts

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22
Q

Is geography highly interdisciplinary?

A

Yes

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23
Q

This describes the art and practice of map-making

A

Cartography

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24
Q

Is geography the same thing as cartography?

A

No

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25
Q

These are essential tools in geography

A

Maps

26
Q

These could have been the earliest known maps

A

Cave wall maps from the late stone age

27
Q

When were the first city maps made?

A

1600 B.C.

28
Q

When were the first world maps made?

A

6th century B.C.

29
Q

This discipline is involved with the measurement, management and display of spatial data

A

Geomatics

30
Q

When did geomatics emerge as a discipline?

A

1950s

31
Q

What does geomatics combine with computer technology?

A

Traditional techniques

32
Q

What are four of six techniques used in geomatics?

A
  1. Cartography; 2. Remote sensing; 3. Aerial photography; 4. GPS; 5. Photogrammetry; 6. GIS
33
Q

This discipline uses imaging to obtain information about physical objects/terrain

A

Photogrammetry

34
Q

What are the five components of GIS?

A
  1. Hardware; 2. Software; 3. Data; 4. Methodologies; 5. People
35
Q

This component of GIS includes computers, peripherals and servers

A

Hardware

36
Q

This component of GIS is for storing, analyzing and displaying data

A

Software

37
Q

This component of GIS is geographic information (including features and attributes)

A

Data

38
Q

This component of GIS includes procedures and standards for collecting and analyzing data

A

Methodologies

39
Q

This component of GIS collects, analyzes and interprets results

A

People

40
Q

What are two types of data that geographic information can specify?

A

Features and attributes

41
Q

This type of geographic information describes surface phenomena with spatial coordinates

A

Features

42
Q

This type of geographic information includes descriptors assigned to features

A

Attributes

43
Q

GIS stores features in these

A

Layers

44
Q

Each GIS layer contains this

A

A class of similar features

45
Q

Do GIS projects combine data from many layers?

A

Yes

46
Q

What are four of six functions of GIS?

A
  1. Data capture; 2. Data storage; 3. Query; 4. Analysis; 5. Display; 6. Output
47
Q

This GIS function includes hardcopy maps, digital data, coordinates and survey devices

A

Data capture

48
Q

This GIS function involves vector and raster data and attribute tables

A

Data storage

49
Q

This GIS function is used to search, find and highlight

A

Query

50
Q

This GIS function involves proximity, overlay and network

A

Analysis

51
Q

This GIS function involves maps, graphs and reports

A

Display

52
Q

This GIS function involves maps, images, data, documents and websites

A

Output

53
Q

What are three of five things that a well-designed GIS can address?

A

Location, condition, trends, patterns, modeling

54
Q

What are four of six different types of GIS users?

A
  1. Emergency services; 2. Environmental; 3. Business; 4. Government; 5. Industry; 6. Education
55
Q

What are three things emergency services use GIS for?

A

Routes, response times and building new stations

56
Q

What are three environmental uses of GIS?

A

Monitoring, management and modeling

57
Q

What are two business uses of GIS?

A

Site location and delivery systems

58
Q

What are four levels of government that use GIS?

A

Local, state, federal, military

59
Q

What are three of four uses of GIS in industry?

A

Transportation, communication, mining and healthcare

60
Q

What are three uses of GIS in education?

A

Research, teaching, administration

61
Q

This provides the tools to manage, analyze and display spatial data

A

GIS software

Fundamentals of GIS (13 decks)

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