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Fundamentals of GIS > Chapter 1 - Introduction to GIS > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Introduction to GIS Flashcards

1
Q

This is the science of the description and distribution of diverse features of Earth’s surface

A

Geography

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2
Q

Who coined the term “geography”?

A

Eratosthenes

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3
Q

In what year did Eratosthenes coin the term “geography”?

A

250 B.C.

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4
Q

What are the three main branches of geography?

A

Physical, cultural, and environmental

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5
Q

Which branch of geography is concerned with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, pedosphere and biosphere?

A

Physical geography

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6
Q

What are five spheres of concern in physical geography?

A
  1. Lithosphere; 2. Hydrosphere; 3. Atmosphere; 4. Pedosphere; 5. Biosphere
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7
Q

What are three of four areas of concern of cultural geography?

A

Political, cultural, social, and economic institutions

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8
Q

What is environmental geography concerned with?

A

Spatial aspects of human-environment interactions

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9
Q

This branch of geography is concerned with political, cultural, social and economic institutions

A

Cultural geography

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10
Q

This branch of geography is concerned with spatial aspects of human-environment interactions

A

Environmental geography

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11
Q

What are three of five spatial themes of geography?

A

Location; Place; Movement; Regions; Human-Earth relationships

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12
Q

This spatial theme of geography describes the absolute or relative position of a feature

A

Location

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13
Q

This spatial theme of geography describes the unique properties of a specific location

A

Place

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14
Q

This spatial theme of geography involves migration, communication, and goods

A

Movement

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15
Q

This spatial theme of geography describes the properties of uniform areas

A

Region

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16
Q

This spatial theme of geography describes humanity’s interaction and impacts

A

Human-Earth relationships

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17
Q

What does location describe?

A

The absolute or relative position of a feature

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18
Q

What does place describe?

A

The unique properties of a specific location

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19
Q

What three things does movement describe?

A

Migration, communication and goods

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20
Q

What does region describe?

A

The properties of uniform areas

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21
Q

What does human-Earth relationship describe?

A

Humanity’s interaction and impacts

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22
Q

Is geography highly interdisciplinary?

A

Yes

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23
Q

This describes the art and practice of map-making

A

Cartography

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24
Q

Is geography the same thing as cartography?

A

No

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25
These are essential tools in geography
Maps
26
These could have been the earliest known maps
Cave wall maps from the late stone age
27
When were the first city maps made?
1600 B.C.
28
When were the first world maps made?
6th century B.C.
29
This discipline is involved with the measurement, management and display of spatial data
Geomatics
30
When did geomatics emerge as a discipline?
1950s
31
What does geomatics combine with computer technology?
Traditional techniques
32
What are four of six techniques used in geomatics?
1. Cartography; 2. Remote sensing; 3. Aerial photography; 4. GPS; 5. Photogrammetry; 6. GIS
33
This discipline uses imaging to obtain information about physical objects/terrain
Photogrammetry
34
What are the five components of GIS?
1. Hardware; 2. Software; 3. Data; 4. Methodologies; 5. People
35
This component of GIS includes computers, peripherals and servers
Hardware
36
This component of GIS is for storing, analyzing and displaying data
Software
37
This component of GIS is geographic information (including features and attributes)
Data
38
This component of GIS includes procedures and standards for collecting and analyzing data
Methodologies
39
This component of GIS collects, analyzes and interprets results
People
40
What are two types of data that geographic information can specify?
Features and attributes
41
This type of geographic information describes surface phenomena with spatial coordinates
Features
42
This type of geographic information includes descriptors assigned to features
Attributes
43
GIS stores features in these
Layers
44
Each GIS layer contains this
A class of similar features
45
Do GIS projects combine data from many layers?
Yes
46
What are four of six functions of GIS?
1. Data capture; 2. Data storage; 3. Query; 4. Analysis; 5. Display; 6. Output
47
This GIS function includes hardcopy maps, digital data, coordinates and survey devices
Data capture
48
This GIS function involves vector and raster data and attribute tables
Data storage
49
This GIS function is used to search, find and highlight
Query
50
This GIS function involves proximity, overlay and network
Analysis
51
This GIS function involves maps, graphs and reports
Display
52
This GIS function involves maps, images, data, documents and websites
Output
53
What are three of five things that a well-designed GIS can address?
Location, condition, trends, patterns, modeling
54
What are four of six different types of GIS users?
1. Emergency services; 2. Environmental; 3. Business; 4. Government; 5. Industry; 6. Education
55
What are three things emergency services use GIS for?
Routes, response times and building new stations
56
What are three environmental uses of GIS?
Monitoring, management and modeling
57
What are two business uses of GIS?
Site location and delivery systems
58
What are four levels of government that use GIS?
Local, state, federal, military
59
What are three of four uses of GIS in industry?
Transportation, communication, mining and healthcare
60
What are three uses of GIS in education?
Research, teaching, administration
61
This provides the tools to manage, analyze and display spatial data
GIS software

Fundamentals of GIS (13 decks)

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