Chapter 9 and 10 Regulatory Strategies Flashcards
ATCase is the start of the biosynthetic pathway of pyrimidine in which the endproduct is ?
CTP
CTP is a ? of ATCase
feedback inhibitor
feedback inhibitor
end product that inhibits the 1st enzyme
ATCase consists of spearable ? and ? subunits
catalytic and regulatory
PALA is a ? inhibitor of ATCase
competitive
homotropic effector
is a substrate for its target enzyme, as well as a regulatory molecule of the enzyme’s activity
heterotropic effector
regulatory molecule that is not also the enzyme’s substrate
affect of PALA on ATCase
rxn cannot proceed with inhibitor bound, but causes T to R transition which has higher affinity for substrate
CTP is a ? of ATCase
allosteric inhibitor
ATP is a ? of ATCase
allosteric activator
PALA binds to ? subunit of ATCase
catalytic
ATP and CTP bind to ? subunit of ATCase
regulatory
isozymes
proteins that catalyze the same reaction
lactate dehydrogenase structure
two interchangeable isozymic polypeptide chains. Each with two of either H or M subunits. 5 total combinations.
H subunit functions better in ? conditions
aerobic
M subunit functions better in ? conditions
anaerobic
H and M subunits operate differently due to different ?
Km
? phosphorylate target proteins
protein kinases
? dephosphoylate proteins
protein phosphatases
cAMP activates ?
protein kinase A
PKA function
blocks ATP binding
activation by cleavage
specific proteolytic cleavage
? is an activator of several pancreatic zymogens
Trypsin
How do cells turn off activated zymogens
put an inhibitor on active site
