Chapter 12 Lipids Flashcards
has polar and nonpolar region
amphipathic
palmitate structure
16C
oleate structure
18C cis w9
laurate structure
12C
Myristate structure
14C
Stearate structure
18C
Arachidate structure
20C
Behenate structure
22C
Lignocerate structure
24C
Palmitoleate structure
16C w9
linoleate structure
18C w9,12
linolenate structure
18C w9,12,15
arachidonate structure
20C w5,8,11,14
Longer fatty acids have (higher/lower) melting points
higher
more unsaturated fatty acids have (higher/lower) melting points
lower
three major types of membrane lipids
phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol
phosphoglyceride structure
glycerol with two fatty acids and one phosphate group which is in turn bound to alcohol group. All bound by peptide bonds.
Cause of respiratory distress syndrome
lack of lecithin (DPPC). Makes hard to breathe.
sphingosine
18-carbon amino alcohol with an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain. Can be used to make phospholipids.
more cholesterol makes membrane (less/more) fluid
less
less cholesterol makes membrane (less/more) rigid
less rigid
excess cholesterol precipitates and forms ?
gallstones
cholesterol is the precursor of ? (3)
bile salts, steroid hormones, vit D
bile salts help to break down ?
lipids
cortisol functions to ?
increase the glucose glucose and glycogen concentration in the body
increases the glucose glucose and glycogen concentration in the body
cortisol
? have modified their lipids to accomodate their environment
archaebacteria
modifications to lipids by archaebacteria
ether linkage (instead of peptide), branched chain, inverted stereochemisry
arachaebacteria environment
high temp, high acid, high base
lipid saturation (increases/decreases) melting point
increases
amphipathic
polar and nonpolar region
phospholipids and glycolipids form ?
bilayers
ionized fatty acids form?
micelles
driving force of assembly of bilayers
hydrophobic effect
liposome structure
bilayer membrane
membrane permeability is low for ? and ? molecules
charged (primary factor), large
? are responsible for transport of molecules across the membrane
membrane proteins
protein stucture that spans membranes
alpha helix (hydrophobic and nonpolar region)
porin structure
beta barrel
since porins lack ?, they do not show hydrophobic transmembrane regions
hydrophobic alpha helices
lipid signalling molecules
prostaglandins
prostaglandin synthesis starts with ?
release of a fatty acid from a membrane lipid followed by two oxidation steps
prostaglandin synthesis is is catalyzed by ? located in the membrane
prostaglandin H2 synthase
Aspirin acetylates ser530 to ?
inactivate prostaglandin H2 synthase
membrane components have ? mobility
lateral
virtually all naturally occurring fatty acids are (trans/cis)
cis
Na+, K+ ATPase pumps out ? and pumps in ?
pumps out Na+ and pumps in K+
transmembrane helices AAs have (positve/negative) delta G
positive
? is on red blod cells to increase polariy to dissolve in hydrophilic environment
glycophorin
