Chapter 9: Alcohol Flashcards
Ethanol
The form of alcohol found in an alcoholic beverage.
Metabolism
Chemical processes occurring within the body to convert food to energy.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)
The primary enzyme involved in metabolism of ethanol.
First-Pass Metabolism
The initial metabolism of ethanol occurring in the stomach
Rate of Absorption
The speed at which ethanol enters the bloodstream from the stomach.
Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)
The amount of ethanol in the blood relative to water.
Acetaldehyde
The toxic product of ethanol metabolism, which has to be further metabolized immediately to avoid its toxic effects.
Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase
The enzyme used to metabolize toxic acetaldehyde.
True or False? Just like carbohydrates and fats, ethanol metabolism is regulated by hormones and excess ethanol in the blood is stored within soft tissues for later use.
False
Roughly how many calories does one gram of ethanol provide?
7
What is the end-product of ethanol metabolism, which is then converted to acetyl-CoA similar to the beta-oxidation of fatty acids?
Acetate
Moderate Drinking
A safe level of alcohol consumption recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans – one standard drink per day for females, two standard drinks per day for males.
Standard Drink
Any alcoholic beverage that contains 0.6 ounces of ethanol.
High-Risk Drinking
The level of consumption at which the risk of alcohol-related harm is greatly increased.
Binge Drinking
Consumption of a large amount of alcohol in a single session.
What is the definition of a standard drink?
A beverage containing 0.6 ounces of ethanol
True or False? Moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages (1 standard drink per day for women, 2 per day for men) has been shown to support lower-fat body compositions than both heavy drinkers or total abstainers.
True
How does frequent alcohol usage affect athletic performance?
Increases reaction time, Increases recovery time
True or False? Longer duration, aerobic exercise performance is reduced after drinking alcohol, with greater effects seen as the amount of ethanol consumed increases.
True
True or False? When sleeping after consuming ethanol, there is an increase growth hormone secretion by the pituitary gland, positively affecting sleep quality.
False
Discretionary Energy
Calories left over in a diet once nutritional requirements have been met.
What enzyme, that is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, indirectly contributes to ethanol metabolism?
Catalase
Approximately how much ethanol is metabolized per hour?
7 grams
When monitoring how much alcohol one consumes in a session, why is simply counting the number of drinks consumed not enough?
Alcoholic drinks come in different sizes and strengths so they may contain more than one standard drink.
For males, high levels of ethanol consumption are closely associated with what?
Excess belly fat
What is ethanol’s function in the body?
It has no function; it is a toxin.
What are the likely effects of consuming alcohol prior to going to sleep?
Increased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion
Ethanol is ultimately metabolized to produce ATP and what other substances?
Carbon dioxide and water
After exercise, when should alcohol be consumed?
Alcohol can be consumed after rehydrating and consuming carbohydrates and protein.
An alcohol-related reduction in which hormone can lead to muscle loss?
Testosterone
Which intermediate substrate in the processing of ethanol is highly toxic and must be metabolized rapidly and preferentially above all other macronutrients?
Acetaldehyde
Flushing of the skin after consuming alcohol is typically associated with which deficiency?
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
How is high-risk drinking categorized for males?
5 or more standard drinks per day or 15 or more drinks per week
How many questions are there in the USAUDIT-C questionnaire?
3
What acute effect does drinking alcohol have on the heart?
Decreases left ventricle contractility and increases heart rate
A new client likes to consume large amounts of alcohol on a regular basis but he has a weight-loss health goal. What should the Nutrition Coach advise him in regard to his energy intake?
Reduce energy intake by limiting alcohol consumption.
