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NASM Nutrition Certification Exam Prep > Chapter 16: Motivational Interviewing > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Motivational Interviewing Flashcards

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1
Q

Motivational Interviewing (MI)

A

A client-centered coaching style that helps clients resolve ambivalence and elicit behavior change.

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2
Q

Ambivalence

A

The state of having mixed feelings about change – a client with ambivalence wants to change and at the same time does not want to change.

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3
Q

Proximal Rewards

A

Rewards that are immediate – for example, the pleasure of eating high-sugar, high-fat foods.

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4
Q

Distal Rewards

A

Rewards that are far away, such as a loss of 30 pounds.

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5
Q

Motivational Phase

A

The build-up of mental energy that drives the desire to behave in certain ways – behavior often needs plans.

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6
Q

Planning Phase

A

Point where individuals decide how they will turn their motivation into behavior.

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7
Q

Motivation

A

The collective reasons that drive a person to take action.

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8
Q

Self-Determination Theory (SDT)

A

A motivational theory that describes individuals psychological needs for growth – self-determination theory also describes different types of motivational regulation and considers these regulations anywhere on a continuum of motivation.

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9
Q

Amotivation

A

A state in which a person is not motivated to behave.

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10
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

When a behavior is done for any reason outside of inherent pleasure.

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11
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

Behavior that is directed by personal (internal) satisfaction such as personal enjoyment as well as striving for self-determination and competence.

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12
Q

Controlled Motives

A

Those with motives who feel outside or internal pressure to do certain behaviors.

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13
Q

Autonomous Motives

A

Behaviors that are enacted with a sense of volition and choice – autonomously motivated people want to do the behavior.

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14
Q

External Regulation

A

Behavior performed to achieve some external reward or to avoid punishment – it is reflective of complying with other people’s demands.

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15
Q

Introjected Regulation

A

Behavior performed to avoid negative feelings (i.e., shame or guilt) or to enhance positive feelings (i.e., ego).

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16
Q

Identified Regulation

A

Behavior performed because it is valued and personally important.

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17
Q

Integrated Regulation

A

Behavior performed because it is fully congruent with a person’s values and needs.

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18
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR)

A

The support of a client regardless of what they say or do – it is the belief that the client is trying their best despite perceived destructive behaviors.

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19
Q

Autonomy

A

The feeling of freedom from external influences or control – the individual is perceived to be the source of their own behavior.

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20
Q

Change Talk

A

When the client voices the benefits of change and disadvantages of staying the same.

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21
Q

Self-Regulation

A

An individual’s ability to modify their behavior.

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22
Q

Value Exploration

A

Clients discover why the goal is important to them. They then create specific behavior-oriented goals based on what their values are.

23
Q

Value Prioritization

A

When values are prioritized, behaviors are linked with the client’s personal sense of a desired identity.

24
Q

Reflective Listening

A

Listening that clarifies and expresses an understanding of a person’s own experiences and goals.

25
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

When a person’s behavior is attributed to “the way they are” rather than to external factors.

26
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard

A

The support of a client regardless of what they say or do – it is the belief that the client is trying their best despite perceived destructive behaviors.

27
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

A person’s confidence that they can successfully execute behaviors required to produce outcomes.

28
Q

Affirmation

A

A positive statement about a client’s character that acknowledges their efforts.

29
Q

Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

A

Behavioral change model that demonstrates progression through stages until the change becomes part of the everyday lifestyle.

30
Q

What are some key characteristics a Nutrition Coach might exhibit when using Motivational Interviewing with a client?

A

They are collaborative, Empathetic, Communicates with their client’s goal(s) in mind

31
Q

What is the underlying purpose of using Motivational Interviewing as a strategy to help a client change their behavior?

A

Effective motivational interviewing helps clients discover their own reasons for change

32
Q

Within the motivation continuum, what are some examples of motivations that would be considered controlled motives?

A

“My employer told me, so I need to…”

“I should make better eating choices.”

33
Q

Within the motivation continuum, what are some examples of motivations that would be considered controlled motives?

A

Feeling guilty

34
Q

When providing nutrition coaching to your clients, it is imperative to use Motivational Interviewing strategies to help clients discover their own reason for change. These motivational interviewing strategies involve what following actions?

A

Express empathy
Discrepancy identification
Support self-efficacy
Avoid arguments
Client resistance adjustment

35
Q

Precontemplation

A

Provide empathetic and reflective listening.
Do a value exploration to see how the client’s behaviors fit in with their values.
Build rapport.
Avoid arguments.
Begin with a small change and provide affirmation for each success.
Enhance self-efficacy.

36
Q

Contemplation

A

Help clients resolve ambivalence and encourage change.
Have clients get bloodwork done to examine biomarkers of health. Relevant health information may encourage change.
Use decisional balance sheets.
Provide affirmations.
Continue to enhance self-efficacy.

37
Q

Preparation

A

Assess strength of commitment to change.
Help clients develop feasible plans.
Help clients make specific action plans that dictate when, where, how, and with whom a behavior will occur.

38
Q

Action

A

Revise plans as needed.
Foster strong self-efficacy.
Harness social support.
Create and follow through on plans.

39
Q

Maintenance

A

Encourage clients to organize their environment so that temptations to relapse are minimal.
Strengthen commitment to the goal.
Identify relapses early.
Encourage clients to forgive relapses and return to their routine.
Harness social support.

40
Q

Which of the following allows for empathetic listening to occur?

A

The Nutrition Coach respects and accepts the client.

41
Q

Which of the following is defined as the seemingly paradoxical state where a client wants to change but also does not want to change?

A

Ambivalence

42
Q

Which of the following is consistent with motivational interviewing?

A

Supporting self-efficacy

43
Q

Discrepancies drive behavior change most of the time. That being said, which example of a discrepancy would likely be the most demotivating rather than motivating?

A

A client who weighs 220 pounds and wants to weigh 140 pounds

44
Q

Which construct is the least subject to change?

A

Values

45
Q

How many basic psychological needs are there in self-determination theory?

A

3

46
Q

Which of the following terms refers to a client who eats healthy food because eating food is connected to their identity?

A

Integrated regulation

47
Q

In motivational interviewing, ambivalence is seen as which of the following?

A

A normal part of the change process

48
Q

When a coach argues that a client’s behavior needs to change, the client may respond by doing which of the following?

A

Defending their behavior

49
Q

How many motivational interviewing strategies are there?

A

5

50
Q

Self-efficacy is mediated by how many sources?

A

4

51
Q

Which of the following is taken away if a Nutrition Coach tells a client what to do and does not ask for their opinion?

A

Autonomy

52
Q

A coach summarizes and restates what a client has just told them by saying, “This is the third time you have made a serious effort at losing weight in the last two years. The goal is personally important to you for health reasons, but you are also worried about staying committed to the goal over the long haul.” Which of the following is the coach expressing?

A

Accurate empathy

53
Q

Changing because of outside pressures is a controlled motive; however, changing because an individual wants to change is considered to be which one of the following?

A

Autonomous motive

54
Q

Clients should feel as if their own unique change experience is truly understood by the coach. Doing which of the following can accomplish this?

A

Expressing empathy

NASM Nutrition Certification Exam Prep (24 decks)

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