Chapter 13: Supplements Flashcards
Ergogenic Aid
Something that improves either physical or mental performance.
Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP)
Current standards of practice set forth by the U.S. Food and Drug Manufacturers for dietary supplement manufactures.
DHA
Abbreviation for docosahexaenoic acid, essential omega-3 fatty acid found in marine sources such as fish and krill, highly abundant in the human brain, eyes, and sperm cells.
EPA
Abbreviation for eicosapentaenoic acid, essential omega-3 fatty acid found in marine sources such as fish and krill, serves as a precursor to various compounds that have anti-inflammatory activities in the body in addition to serving as structural components of the brain and eye tissue.
True or False? Dietary supplement label claims in the United States have to be approved by the Federal Trade Commission and the Food and Drug Administration.
False
True or False? Even when not at low levels of overt deficiency, emerging data suggests that inadequate intake of micronutrients below daily recommended levels may elevate risk for chronic diseases.
True
Essential Amino Acids
Amino acids that are necessary for bodily functions but cannot be synthesized by the body and, therefore, must be obtained in the diet.
Muscle Protein Synthesis (MPS)
The synthesizing of amino acids into skeletal muscle tissue.
Protein Balance
The net result of protein synthesis and breakdown.
Lean Body Mass
The proportion of the human body that excludes fat mass, including organs, muscle, and bone.
Anabolic Resistance
A blunted muscle synthesis response to resistance training, amino acids, and protein – observed more in older adults than younger populations.
Leucine
An essential and branched chain amino acid, identified as the initiator of muscle protein synthesis.
Lactose
A naturally occurring sugar present in milk and milk products.
Bioavailability
The extent to which an ingredient, food, or other substance is absorbed by the body.
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)
A range of intakes for carbohydrates, protein, and fats set by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Medicine recommended to meet the nutritional needs of most individuals and reduce risk of chronic disease.
