Chapter 9: adolescence, body and mind

Question 1

Adolescence

Answer 1

a young person, the process of developing from a child to an adult

Question 2

puberty

Answer 2

the period of rapid growth and sexual development that begins adolescence

Question 3

menarche

Answer 3

girls first menstrual period, signaling that has has begun ovulation
pregnancy is biologically possible, but ovulation and menstruation are often irregular for years and menarche
average age - about 12.5 years for normal weight girls

Question 4

spermarche

Answer 4

boys first ejaculation of sperm
erections can occur as early as infancy, but ejaculation signals sperm production
average age - just under 13 years

Question 5

primary sex characteristics

Answer 5

parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis

Question 6

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 6

observable physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a man’s beard and a woman’s breasts

Question 7

Brain development (neurological development)

Answer 7

different parts of the brain grow at different rates:
the limbic system (fear, emotional impulses) matures before the prefrontal cortex (planning ahead, emotional regulation).
that means the instinctual and emotional areas develop before the reflective ones do

Question 8

brain development (cognitive development)

Answer 8

formal operation thought; Piaget.
fourth and final stage of cognitive development.
characterized by more systematic logic and the ability to think about abstract ideas

Question 9

body image

Answer 9

person’s idea do how his or her body looks.
self acceptance is difficult.
new changes may contribute to distorted body image, food obsession, depression, and other unhealthy consequences

Question 10

eating disorders (anorexia nervosa)

Answer 10

eating disorder characterized by self starvation.
affected individuals voluntarily under-eat and often over exercise, depriving their vital organs of nutrition.
anorexia can be fatal

Question 11

eating disorders (bulimia nervosa)

Answer 11

eating disorder characterized by binge eating and subsequent purging, usually induced vomiting and/or use of laxatives.
(stuff should just read about but not really need to memorize —->) In
2013, within previous 6-month
period, 6.6% of U.S. high
school girls and 2.2% of boys
vomited or took laxatives for
weight loss.

Question 12

cognitive development (formal operational thought: Piaget)

Answer 12

fourth and final stage of cognitive development.
characterized by more systematic logic and the ability to think about abstract ideas

Question 13

egocentrism (invincibility fable)

Answer 13

adolescents egocentric conviction that he or she cannot be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal, such as unprotected sex, drug abuse, or even high speed driving

Question 14

egocentrism (imaginary audience)

Answer 14

other people who, in an adolecent’s egocentric belief, are watching and taking note of his or her appearance, ideas, and behavior, this belief makes many teenagers self conscious

Question 15

adolescent thinking (dual processing)

Answer 15

two networks exist within the human brain: one for emotional and one for analytical

Question 16

adolescent thinking (intuitive thought)

Answer 16

emotion or a hunch, rather than logic, influences by past experiences “it feels right”

Question 17

adolescent thinking (analytic thought)

Answer 17

logical, hypothetical- deductive thinking

Question 18

cyber danger (anonymity)

Answer 18

provided by electronic technology often brings out the worst in people

Question 19

cyber danger (cyberbullying)

Answer 19

bullying that occurs via internet insults, rumors, texting, anonymous phone calls, and video embarrassment

Question 20

cyber danger (sexting)

Answer 20

sexting involves sending sexual photographs,
estimated 30 percent of adolescents have sent sexual photographs

Question 21

industry vs inferiority

Answer 21

Erikson’s fourth psychosocial crisis, children judge themselves as either industrious or inferior, meaning that they decide whether they are productive or useless, competent or incompetent, or winners or losers