Chapter 10: adolescence, the social world

Question 1

identity vs role confusion (Erikson)

Answer 1

Erikson’s fifth psychosocial crisis, entails working through the complexities of finding oneself.
revolves around identity achievement, where adolescents have reconsidered the goals and values of their parents and culture, accepting some and discarding others

Question 1

moratorium

Answer 1

adolescent in the state of active exploration and has no commitment, or at best an unclear one/an adolescent’s choice of a socially acceptable way to
postpone making identity-achievement decisions

Question 2

foreclosure

Answer 2

Erikson’s term for premature identity formation, which
occurs when an adolescent adopts parents’ or society’s roles and values wholesale, without questioning or analysis

Question 3

Identity formation/aspects of identity

Answer 3

religious identity: influenced by parents and community

Question 4

Identity formation/aspects of identity

Answer 4

political identity: influenced by parents and culture

Question 5

Identity formation/aspects of identity

Answer 5

Gender identity: a person’s acceptance o the roles and behaviors that society associates with the biological categories of male and female

Question 6

Identity formation/aspects of identity

Answer 6

vocational identity: early vocational identity is no longer appropriate (occupation or employment)

Question 7

Identity formation/aspects of identity

Answer 7

sexual orientation: a term to whether a person is sexually and romantically attracted to others of the same sex, opposite sex, or both sexes

Question 8

Relationships with peers (peers)

Answer 8

help adolescents navigate physical changes of puberty, intellectual challenges of high school, and social changes of leaving childhood

Question 9

Peer pressure

Answer 9

provides encouragement to conform to one’s friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude.
usually considered negative, but can be positive

Question 10

Sequence of male-female relationships

Answer 10

1. groups of friends, exclusively one sex or the other
2. a loose association of girls and boys, with public interactions within a crowd
3. small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd
4. formation of couples with private intimacies

Question 11

depression

Answer 11

causes of depression in adolescence include nature (familial pattern) and nurture (experiences)

Question 12

suicide

Answer 12

death caused by self directed injurious behavior with intent to die as a result of the behavior

Question 13

suicide idealation

Answer 13

serious distressing thoughts of about killing oneself

Question 14

para-suicide

Answer 14

attempted suicide or failed suicide, includes any deliberate self harm that could have been lethal

Question 15

cluster suicide

Answer 15

several suicides committed by members of a group for a brief period of time

Question 16

delinquency

Answer 16

juvenile delinquent: person under the age of 18 who breaks the law
adolescence-limited offender: person whose criminal activity stops by age 21
life course persistent offender: a person whose criminal activity typically begins in early adolescence and continues throughout life; a career criminal

Question 17

drinking and drug abuse

Answer 17

drug use becomes widespread from age 10 to 25, then decreases
drug use before age 15 is the best predictor of later drug use
nations have markedly different rates of adolescent drug use, even nations with common boundaries
variations are partly due to differing laws
U.S.: three fourths of high school seniors tried alcohol, half are current drinkers