Chapter 9 Acids and Bases

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

A substance that dissolves in water and produces hydrogen ions, according to the Arrhenius theory. All acids are proton donors, according to the Bronsted-Lowry theory.

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

A substance that dissolves in water and produces hydroxide ions, according to the Arrhenius theory. All bases are proton acceptors, according to the Bronsted-Lowry theory.

Question 3

Bronsted acid

Answer 3

An acid is a proton donor.

Question 4

Bronsted base

Answer 4

A base is a proton acceptor.

Question 5

Buffer solution

Answer 5

A mixture of a weak acid or a weak base and its salt that resists changes in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added.

Question 6

Conjugate acid-base pair

Answer 6

An acid and base that differ by one H+. When an acid donates a proton, the product is its conjugate base, which is capable of accepting a proton in the reverse reaction.

Question 7

Dissociation

Answer 7

The separation of an acid or a base into ions in water.

Question 8

Hydronium ion

Answer 8

The hydronium ion formed by the attraction of a proton (H+) to an H2O molecule.

Question 9

Neutral solution

Answer 9

A solution with equal concentrations of acid H+ and OH-.

Question 10

Neutralization

Answer 10

A reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water.

Question 11

Salt

Answer 11

An ionic compound that contains a metal ion or NH4^+^ and a nonmetal or polyatomic ion other than OH-.

Question 12

Strong acid

Answer 12

An acid that completely ionizes in water.

Question 13

Strong base

Answer 13

A base that completely ionizes in water.

Question 14

Weak acid

Answer 14

An acid that ionizes only slightly in solution.

Question 15

Weak base

Answer 15

A base that ionizes only slightly in solution.

Question 16

Electrolyte

Answer 16

A substance that produces ions when dissolved in water, its solution conducts electricity.

Question 17

Strong electrolyte

Answer 17

A compound that ionizes completely when it dissolves in water. Its solution is a good conductor of electricity, including strong acids, strong bases, and soluble salts.

Question 18

Weak electrolyte

Answer 18

A substance that produces only a few ions along with many molecules when it dissolves in water. Its solution is a weak conductor of electricity, including weak acids, weak bases, and insoluble salts.