Chapter 12 Biochemistry

Question 1

Amino Acids

Answer 1

The building block of proteins, consisting of an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and a unique side group attached to the same carbon.

Question 2

Biochemistry

Answer 2

The study of the structure and reactions of chemicals that occur in living systems.

Question 3

Carbohydrate

Answer 3

A simple or complex sugar composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material of all cells.

Question 5

Double helix

Answer 5

The helical shape of the double chain of DNA that is like a spiral staircase with a sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside and the base pairs like stair steps on the inside.

Question 6

Enzyme

Answer 6

A protein that catalyzes a biological reaction.

Question 7

Fat

Answer 7

Another term for solid triacylglycerols.

Question 8

Fatty acid

Answer 8

Long-chain carboxylic acids found in fats.

Question 9

Fructose

Answer 9

A monosaccharide found in honey and fruit juices; it is combines with glucose in sucrose.

Question 10

Galactose

Answer 10

A monosaccharide that occurs combined with glucose in lactose.

Question 11

Glucose

Answer 11

The most prevalent monosaccharide in the diet (found in fruits, vegetables, corn syrup and honey).

Question 12

Lactose

Answer 12

A disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose found in milk and milk products.

Question 13

Lipids

Answer 13

A family of compounds that is nonpolar in nature and not soluble in water; includes fats, waxes and steroids.

Question 14

Maltose

Answer 14

A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units.

Question 15

Monosaccharide

Answer 15

A polyhydroxy compound that contains an aldehyde or ketone group.

Question 16

Nucleic acids

Answer 16

Large molecules composed of nucleotides, found as a a double helix in DNA and as the single strand of RNA.

Question 17

Oil

Answer 17

Another term for liquid triacylglycerols.

Question 18

Peptide

Answer 18

The combination of two or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Question 19

Polysaccharides

Answer 19

Polymers of many monosaccharide units, usually glucose. Also called fiber (food).

Question 20

Protein

Answer 20

A term used for biologically active polypeptides that have many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

Question 21

Replication

Answer 21

The process of duplicating DNA by pairing the bases on each parent strand with their complementary base.

Question 22

RNA

Answer 22

Ribonucleic acid, a type of nucleic acid that is carrying the DNA information out of the cell for replication.

Question 23

Sucrose

Answer 23

A disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose; commonly called table sugar or “sugar”.

Question 24

Triacylglycerols

Answer 24

A family of lipids.