Chapter 4 Chemical Bondings Flashcards
Cation
A positively charged ion with a noble gas configuration, such as Na^+^, Mg^2+^.
Anion
A negatively charged ion with a noble gas configuration, such as Cl^-1^, O^-2^
Covalent Compound
A sharing of valence electrons by atoms.
Ion
An atom or group of atoms having an electrical char because of a loss or gain of electrons.
Ionic Bond
The attraction between oppositely charged ions resulting from the transfer of valence electrons.
Ionic Charge
The difference between the number of protons (positive) and the number of electrons (negative), written in the upper right corner of the symbol for the ion.
Ionic Compound
A compound of positive and negative ions held together by the ionic bonds.
Octet Rule
Representative elements react with other elements to produce a noble gas configuration with 8 valance electrons (2 electrons for H).
Polyatomic ion
A group of atoms that has an electrical charge.
Covalent Bond
The covalent bond results from the common attraction of the two atoms’ nuclei for the shared electrons.
Rome numeral in a compound’s name
A Roman numeral specifying ionic charge is appended to the name of metallic element if it is a metal that exhibits variable ionic charge.
Molecular compound
A compound that involves tow or more nonmetals sharing electrons.
Types of covalent bonds
One shared pair of electrons constitutes a single covalent bond. Two or three pairs of electrons may be shared between atoms to give double and triple covalent bonds.
Electronegativity
A measure of the relative attraction that an atom has for the shared electrons in a bond. Electronegativity values are useful in predicting the type of bond that forms (polar or nonpolar).
Bond polarity
When atoms of like electronegativity participate in a bond, the boning electrons are equally shared and the bond is nonpolar.
When atoms of differing electronegativity participate in a bond, the bonding electrons are unequally shared and the bond is polar.
