Chapter 11 Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Alcohols
A class of organic compounds that contains the hydroxyl (-OH) group bonded to a carbon atom.
Aldehydes
A class of organic compounds that contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
Alkanes
Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between carbon atoms.
Alkenes
Hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C).
Alkyl group
An alkane minus one hydrogen atom. Alkyl gropes are named like the alkenes except a yl ending replaces ane.
Alkynes
Hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon triple bonds.
Aromatic compounds
Compounds that contain the rig structure of benzene.
Benzene
A ring of six carbon atoms each of which is attached to one hydrogen atom, C6H6.
Branched alkane
A hydrocarbon containing a hydrocarbon substituent bonded to the main chain.
Carboxylic acids
A class of organic compounds that contains the functional group -COOH.
Combustion
A chemical reaction in which an alkane or alcohol reacts with oxygen gas to produce CO2, water and energy.
Ethers
A class of organic compounds that contains an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms.
Functional group
A group of atoms that determine the physical and chemical properties and naming of a class of organic compounds.
Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds consisting of only carbon and hydrogen.
Hydroxyl group
The group of atoms (-OH) characteristic of alcohols.
Isomers
Organic compounds in which identical molecular formulas have different arrangements of atoms.
IUPAC system
A system for naming organic compounds determined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Ketones
A class of organic compounds in which a carbonyl group is boned to two carbon atoms.
Organic compounds
Compounds made of carbon that typically have covalent bonds, nonpolar molecules, low melting and boiling points, are insoluble in water and flammable.
Primary alcohol
An alcohol that has one alkyl group boned to the alcohol carbon atom.
Secondary alcohol
An alcohol that has two alkyl groups boned to the alcohol carbon atom.
Tertiary alcohol
An alcohol that has three alkyl groups boned to the alcohol carbon atom.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
A compound of carbon and hydrogen in which the carbon chain contains at least one double (Alkene) or triple carbon-carbon bond (alkyne). An unsaturated compound is capable of a addition reaction with hydrogen, which converts the double or triple bonds to single carbon-carbon bond.
